{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:24:38Z","timestamp":1790735078112,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,3]],"date-time":"2015-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cathet Cardio Intervent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:styled-content>Objectives<\/jats:styled-content>: The aim of this study was to describe and differentiate the morphology of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) seen in children born prematurely from other PDA types.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:styled-content>Background<\/jats:styled-content>: PDAs are currently classified as types A\u2010E using the Krichenko's classification. Children born prematurely with a PDA morphology that did not fit this classification were described as Type F PDA.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:styled-content>Methods<\/jats:styled-content>: A review of 100 consecutive children who underwent transcatheter device closure of PDA was performed. The diameter and length (<jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>) of the PDA and the device diameter (<jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>) were indexed to the descending aorta (DA) diameter.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:styled-content>Results<\/jats:styled-content>: Comparison of 26 Type F PDAs was performed against, 29 Type A, 7 Type C and 32 Type E PDAs. Children with Type F PDAs (median 27.5 weeks gestation) were younger during the device occlusion compared with types A, C, and E (median age: 6 vs. 32, 11, and 42 months; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002). Type F PDAs were longer and larger, requiring a relatively large device for occlusion than types A, C, and E (Mean L\/DA: 1.88 vs. 0.9, 1.21, and 0.89, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.01 and Mean D\/DA: 1.04 vs. 0.46, 0.87, and 0.34, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u22640.01). The Amplatzer vascular plug\u2010II (AVP\u2010II) was preferred for occlusion of Type F PDAs (85%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.001).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:styled-content>Conclusions<\/jats:styled-content>: Children born prematurely have relatively larger and longer PDAs. These \u201cfetal type PDAs\u201d are best classified separately. We propose to classify them as Type F PDAs to add to types A\u2010E currently in use. The AVP\u2010II was effective in occluding Type F PDAs. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.26287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,3]],"date-time":"2015-11-03T11:25:38Z","timestamp":1446549938000},"page":"310-317","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Morphologic characterization of the patent ductus arteriosus in the premature infant and the choice of transcatheter occlusion device"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Ranjit","family":"Philip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis Tennessee"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"B.","family":"Rush Waller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis Tennessee"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijaykumar","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dena","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis Tennessee"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Arevalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis Tennessee"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Zurakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyam","family":"Sathanandam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis Tennessee"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.43.3.323"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(81)80333-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90064-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3506"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2010.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.078600"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.22637"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.25032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.25534"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.24707"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(91)90028-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2011.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951103000519"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.1870130403"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1995.05020095.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Morphology 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