{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T21:12:35Z","timestamp":1785186755973,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,29]],"date-time":"2015-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cathet Cardio Intervent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the safety, the impact of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) results in myocarditis management and the incidence of different etiologies of myocarditis in a pediatric population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although EMB is an established diagnostic tool to evaluate suspected myocarditis, there is lack of clear diagnostic and management guidelines for myocarditis in pediatric patients, particularly in infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective database review and subsequent outcomes analysis from five Italian pediatric cardiology centers to identify patients aged 0\u201318 years who underwent EMB for suspected myocarditis or inflammatory cardiomyopathy (ICMP) between 2009 and 2011.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>EMB was performed in 41 children, of which 16 were male. The population ranged between 16 days of age to 17 years (mean age at EMB\u2009=\u20095.2\u2009\u00b1\u20094.9 years). The overall incidence of EMB\u2010related complications was 15.5% (31.2% in infants, and 6.8% in children\u2009&gt;\u20091 year of age; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.079) while the incidence of EMB\u2010driven treatment changes was 29.2%. Histological examination together with PCR on heart biopsy specimens allowed an etiological diagnosis in 26\/41 patients (63%). Among the 15 patients (36.5%) with diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) 11 had idiopathic DCM. Finally, we found an overall incidence of death\/cardiac transplantation of 24%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a pediatric population with suspected myocarditis\/ICMP, EMB was useful in confirming the diagnosis only in 41% of cases but showed an overall diagnostic power of 63%. As complications of EBM are not negligible, particularly in infants, the risk\/benefit ratio should be taken into account in each patient. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.26319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,29]],"date-time":"2015-10-29T11:59:01Z","timestamp":1446119941000},"page":"762-767","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Endomyocardial biopsy safety and clinical yield in pediatric myocarditis: An Italian perspective"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7322-2112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Brighenti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Unit University of Bologna, S.Orsola\u2010Malpighi University Hospital Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Donti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Unit University of Bologna, S.Orsola\u2010Malpighi University Hospital Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Giulia Gagliardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology IRCCS Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Maschietto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics University of Padua  Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Marini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology Division Citt\u00e0 Della Salute E Della Scienza \u2010 Children's Hospital Regina Margherita Turin Italy"},{"name":"Cardio\u2010Thoracic Department Citt\u00e0 Della Salute E Della Scienza \u2010 Children's Hospital Regina Margherita Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maristella","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology, Azienda\u2010Policlinico Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ugo","family":"Vairo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology, Azienda\u2010Policlinico Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Agnoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology Division Citt\u00e0 Della Salute E Della Scienza \u2010 Children's Hospital Regina Margherita Turin Italy"},{"name":"Cardio\u2010Thoracic Department Citt\u00e0 Della Salute E Della Scienza \u2010 Children's Hospital Regina Margherita Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ornella","family":"Milanesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics University of Padua  Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Pongiglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology IRCCS Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Bonvicini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Unit University of Bologna, S.Orsola\u2010Malpighi University Hospital Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatric Cardiology","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2011.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2011.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht210"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.112.965749"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.24802"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2009.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60648-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.186093"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Myocarditis. 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