{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T21:08:13Z","timestamp":1783717693722,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]],"date-time":"2017-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cathet Cardio Intervent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We describe the characteristics of atherosclerotic plaque in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) using near\u2010infrared spectroscopy\u2010intravascular ultrasound (NIRS\u2010IVUS)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Imaging and autopsy studies have described atherosclerotic plaque in different vascular beds, including varying degrees of lipid, fibrosis, and calcification. Recently, NIRS has been validated as an accurate method for detecting lipid\u2010core plaque (LCP) in the coronary circulation. Invasive evaluation of plaque composition using NIRS\u2010IVUS has not been reported in different peripheral arterial circulations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed invasive angiography and NIRS\u2010IVUS in consecutive PAD patients prior to percutaneous revascularization. Imaging evaluation included parameters from angiography, IVUS, and NIRS. NIRS\u2010IVUS findings were compared among different vascular beds with regard to the presence and extent of calcification and LCP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and forty\u2010nine lesions in 126 PAD patients were enrolled, including the internal carotid (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910), subclavian\/axillary (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099), renal (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914), iliac (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200935), femoropopliteal (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200969), and infrapopliteal (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912) arteries. Plaque morphology was calcified in 132 lesions (89%) and fibrous in 17 lesions (11%). Calcification varied from 100% of renal artery stenoses to 55% of subclavian\/axillary artery stenoses. LCP was present in 48 lesions (32%) and prevalence varied from 60% in carotid artery stenoses to 0% in renal artery stenoses (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.005). LCP was only observed in fibrocalcific plaque, and was longitudinally and circumferentially surrounded by a more extensive degree of calcium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>NIRS\u2010IVUS in stable PAD patients demonstrates a high frequency of calcific plaque and statistically significant differences in the frequency of LCP in different arterial beds. LCP, when present in the peripheral circulation, is always associated with calcified plaque. The strong co\u2010localization of calcified plaque and LCP in severe PAD lesions may provide plaque\u2010stabilizing effects; further studies are needed. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.27023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]],"date-time":"2017-03-17T05:53:00Z","timestamp":1489729980000},"page":"461-470","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Invasive characterization of atherosclerotic plaque in patients with peripheral arterial disease using near\u2010infrared spectroscopy intravascular ultrasound"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7316-4247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amr E.","family":"Abbas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Center for Innovation and Research in Cardiovascular Diseases, Beaumont Health Royal Oak Michigan"},{"name":"Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine Oakland County Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibin K.","family":"Zacharias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Center for Innovation and Research in Cardiovascular Diseases, Beaumont Health Royal Oak Michigan"},{"name":"Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine Oakland County Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Center for Innovation and Research in Cardiovascular Diseases, Beaumont Health Royal Oak Michigan"},{"name":"Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine Oakland County Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan D.","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Center for Innovation and Research in Cardiovascular Diseases, Beaumont Health Royal Oak Michigan"},{"name":"Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine Oakland County Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Safian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Center for Innovation and Research in Cardiovascular Diseases, Beaumont Health Royal Oak Michigan"},{"name":"Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine Oakland County 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