{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T15:55:55Z","timestamp":1777478155760,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]],"date-time":"2018-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cathet Cardio Intervent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective study was performed to investigate if the generation of X\u2010ray system used was an independent factor for radiation dose in chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>PCI procedures for CTOs are known to be associated with higher doses of radiation. The authors suspected progressive reductions in radiation doses for CTO PCI as newer X\u2010ray systems were introduced into clinical practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Procedures performed over a five\u2010year period by three interventional cardiologists were retrospectively reviewed. Five different X\u2010ray systems were used across three hospital sites. These included: Axiom Artis and Coroskop HIP (both Siemens), Innova (GE), Allura Xper FD 10, and Allura Clarity FD 10 (both Philips). Procedural and demographic data including body mass index (BMI; kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), fluoroscopy time (min), and dose area product (DAP; cGycm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) were collated for each procedure. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the influence each X\u2010ray system would have on DAP values after BMI and fluoroscopy time were controlled for.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 860 procedures were analyzed. Mean fluoroscopy time was 40.00\u2009\u00b1\u200919.99 min, mean BMI was 29.90\u2009\u00b1\u20095.13 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, mean DAP 11,980\u2009\u00b1\u20097,947 cGycm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Log values of DAP were used to normalize results in a general linear model. A significant statistical difference in DAP between X\u2010ray systems was demonstrated after fluoroscopy time and BMI were controlled for (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a significant impact on DAP values resulting from the generation of X\u2010ray system used, measured during PCI for CTOs, with the most modern systems producing the lowest radiation doses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.27541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]],"date-time":"2018-02-07T08:56:39Z","timestamp":1517993799000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A retrospective study of radiation dose measurements comparing different cath lab X\u2010ray systems in a sample population of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3549-383X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew H.","family":"McNeice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, c\/o Level 9, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7AB Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Edinburgh Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, Scotland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colm G.","family":"Hanratty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, c\/o Level 9, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7AB Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Public Health Queen's University, University Road Belfast Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Spratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Edinburgh Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, Scotland"},{"name":"Forth Valley Hospital Larbert Scotland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon J.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, c\/o Level 9, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7AB Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-420129-3.00010-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1201009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.583716"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"441","article-title":". 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