{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T08:10:14Z","timestamp":1771920614382,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]],"date-time":"2019-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cathet Cardio Intervent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We sought to delineate the risk factors for infective endocarditis (IE) in patients undergoing transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TCPVR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the therapeutic benefits of TCPVR for treatment of dysfunctional right ventricular outflow tracts, IE is a major complication of the approach. Specific hemodynamic gradients and patient immune status as predisposing factors for IE are largely unexplored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective review of patients who had undergone TCPVR at UCLA between October 2010 and October 2017. Cases of IE were diagnosed based on the modified Duke criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred and thirty\u2010five cases of TCPVR were performed with a mean follow\u2010up of 2.6\u2009years (range 0.0\u20138.0\u2009years). Sixteen distinct IE events developed in 13 patients (Melody\u2122 <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 12, SAPIEN <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1), with a median time from implant to IE of 3.3\u2009years (range 2.0\u20137.2\u2009years). Univariate Cox regression showed that immunocompromised status was significantly associated with the development of IE hazard ratios (HR 5.43 [1.80\u201316.4], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .003). Kaplan\u2013Meier curves show that the 5\u2010year freedom from IE among immunocompetent patients was 87% (95% CI 78\u201396%) versus 64% (95% CI 39\u201389%) among immunocompromised patients (log\u2010rank <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .02). Postimplant right ventricular systolic pressure was higher among immunocompromised patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .03). The risk of IE post\u2010TCPVR in immunocompromised patients with residual pulmonary stenosis was 43%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the risk factors examined in this study, immunocompromised status was the most significant predictor of IE development post\u2010TCPVR. Patients with the lowest risk of IE are those with competent immune systems, without a history of IE, and with minimal residual pulmonary valve gradients post\u2010TCPVR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.28474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,31]],"date-time":"2019-08-31T06:45:05Z","timestamp":1567233905000},"page":"625-635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Risk factors for infective endocarditis following transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement in patients with congenital heart disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7190-0522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soraya","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Ahmanson\/UCLA Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los Angeles 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