{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:59:24Z","timestamp":1787169564279,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cathet Cardio Intervent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this in vitro study was to compare Doppler versus catheter transvalvular pressure gradients (TPG) in third generations balloon\u2010expandable (BE) versus self\u2010expanding (SE) transcatheter heart valves (THV).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TPG is a key parameter to assess and follow valve hemodynamic function following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). It remains uncertain and debated whether, and to which extent, TPGs differ according to the type of THV, that is, BE versus SE and to the method used for TPG measurement, that is, Doppler echocardiography versus cardiac catheterization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The CoreValve EVOLUT PRO 26\u2009mm and the SAPIEN 3 23\u2009mm THVs were tested in a left heart simulator using a 21\u2009mm aortic annulus under following conditions: heart rate: 70\u2009bpm, mean aortic pressure: 100\u2009mmHg, stroke volume: 30, 70 and 100\u2009ml. Mean TPGs were measured by continuous\u2010wave Doppler and by micro\u2010tip pressure catheters positioned in the left ventricle and at 50\u2009mm downstream to the tip of the THV leaflets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Doppler TPGs (9.5\u2009\u00b1\u20093.9\u2009mmHg) were on average 40.5\u2009\u00b1\u200913.9% higher (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than catheter TPGs (6.3\u2009\u00b1\u20093.4\u2009mmHg). Both Doppler and catheter TPGs were lower (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.003) in the SE versus BE THVs (Doppler: 8.7\u2009\u00b1\u20093.5 vs. 10.7\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6; catheter: 5.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7\u2009mmHg vs. 7.1\u2009\u00b1\u20092.2). The Doppler versus catheter difference in TPG increased with the higher flow conditions. The Doppler versus catheter difference in TPG was similar in BE versus SE THVs (3.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1 vs. 3.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4\u2009mmHg or 42\u2009\u00b1\u20099 vs. 47\u2009\u00b1\u20099%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.58) overall and in each flow conditions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Doppler TPGs are, on average, 40% higher than the catheter TPGs for both BE and SE THVs. The SE THV had lower Doppler and catheter TPGs compared to the BE THV, at normal and high flow states. The absolute and percent differences between Doppler versus catheter TPGs were similar in BE versus SE THVs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.29974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T03:36:42Z","timestamp":1633923402000},"page":"201-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["In vitro Doppler versus catheter transvalvular pressure gradients in\n                    <scp>balloon\u2010expandable<\/scp>\n                    versus\n                    <scp>self\u2010expanding<\/scp>\n                    transcatheter aortic valves"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2840-2146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vikt\u00f3ria","family":"Stanov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille University\/Gustave Eiffel University  Marseille France"},{"name":"Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University  Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9gis","family":"Rieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille University\/Gustave Eiffel University  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"C\u00f4t\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University  Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erwan","family":"Salaun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University  Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep","family":"Rod\u00e9s\u2010Cabau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University  Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Pibarot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University  Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.02.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab395"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.11.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2019.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-019-02425-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.14663"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie071349z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.01.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002310"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.1.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.7.765"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Aortic 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