{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T09:52:40Z","timestamp":1780653160238,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cathet Cardio Intervent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mechanical factors may cause bottlenecks in a Fontan circuit. Extracardiac conduits (ECC) are placed at a young age, but the materials do not allow growth. Restriction in ECC dimensions may deteriorate the function of the circuit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of stent expansion of an ECC to the nominal dimension at the time of implant and, if possible, beyond nominal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective, single\u2010center observational review of all ECC Fontan patients who received a stent to expand a previously placed surgical conduit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 44 restrictive conduits were stented over a 14\u2010year study period with a median of 11.8 (interquartile ranges\u00a0[IQR]: 9.1\u221213.8) years after ECC placement. Cross\u2010sectional areas were a median of 30% (IQR: 21\u221242) smaller than the originally placed ECC; there was no gradient in 23\/44 patients and in 21\/44, a minimal gradient of 1.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5 (range 1\u22123\u2009mmHg). All conduits could be enlarged with a significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) increase in diameter from 13.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8 to 19.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2\u2009mm, corresponding to a median cross\u2010sectional area increase of 171% (IQR: 153\u2212220). In three patients where the conduits were not contracted, expansion of between 127% and 165% was obtained. There were no conduit ruptures and only one minor complication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>ECC in some Fontan patients become smaller than nominal over time, usually without overt symptoms. The dimensions of ECC's can be safely and significantly increased to nominal or even beyond employing stenting. It allows adjustment of ECC dimensions to compensate for somatic growth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.30438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T10:40:05Z","timestamp":1667385605000},"page":"1059-1066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Stent expansion of restrictive Fontan conduits to nominal diameter and beyond"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Salaets","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Pediatric &amp; Congenital Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven Catholic University Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bjorn","family":"Cools","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Pediatric &amp; Congenital Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven Catholic University Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3865-0506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pieter","family":"De Meester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Catholic University Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Heying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Pediatric &amp; Congenital Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven Catholic University Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derize","family":"Boshoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Pediatric &amp; Congenital Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven Catholic University Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedicte","family":"Eyskens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Pediatric &amp; Congenital Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven Catholic University Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8508-8667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Pediatric &amp; Congenital Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven Catholic University Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology University of the Free State Bloemfontein Free State South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Meyns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Catholic University Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Rega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Catholic University Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2003-2029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joeri","family":"Van Puyvelde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Catholic University Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5850-5413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Werner","family":"Budts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Catholic University Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4595-5922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Gewillig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Pediatric &amp; Congenital Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven Catholic University Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-307467"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15098"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)35174-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-017-0634-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951114002765"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(97)70016-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2018.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-020-02452-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezx238"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2007.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-310511"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2020.09.140"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12757"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.112.000099"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.6.1923"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.04.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(00)00593-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2009.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-021-02658-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951112001886"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0066-782X2011000900018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"E254","article-title":"Improvement in pulmonary vascular resistance after relief of fontan circuit obstruction","volume":"32","author":"Yell J","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Invasive Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.22400"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1968.tb10447.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezab478"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1510\/icvts.2009.218594"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/791291"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.5459"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2013.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2019.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000696"}],"container-title":["Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ccd.30438","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ccd.30438","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ccd.30438","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T16:47:56Z","timestamp":1692463676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ccd.30438"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ccd.30438"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccd.30438","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-1946","1522-726X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-1946","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-726X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}