{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:39:50Z","timestamp":1774312790290,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]],"date-time":"2023-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cathet Cardio Intervent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Invasive cardiac catheterization (CC) temporarily increases pain, discomfort, and anxiety. Procedural sedation is deployed to mitigate these symptoms, though practice varies. Research evaluating peri\u2010procedural patient\u2010reported outcomes is lacking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We randomized 175 patients undergoing CC to short interval ([SI] group, &lt;6\u2009min) or long interval ([LI] group, \u22656\u2009min) time intervals between initial intravenous sedation and local anesthetic administration. Outcomes included: (1) total pain medication use, (2) patient\u2010reported and behaviorally assessed pain and (3) patient satisfaction during outpatient CC. Generalized linear mixed effect models were used to evaluate the impact of treatment time interval on total medication utilization, pain, and satisfaction. Among enrollees the mean age was 62 (standard deviation [SD]\u2009=\u200913.4), a majority were male (66%), white (74%), and overweight (mean body mass index\u2009=\u200928.5 [SD\u2009=\u20095.6]). Total pain medication use did not vary between treatment groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.257), with no difference in total fentanyl<jats:italic>(p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.288) or midazolam (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.292). Post\u2010treatment pain levels and nurse\u2010observed pain were not statistically significant between groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.324 &amp;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.656, respectively. No significant differences with satisfaction with sedation were found between the groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.95) Patient\u2010reported pain, satisfaction and nurse\u2010observed measures of pain did not differ, after adjustment for demographic and procedural factors. Analyses of treatment effect modification revealed that postprocedure self\u2010reported pain levels varied systematically between individuals undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (SI\u2009=\u20092.2 [0.8, 3.6] vs. LI\u2009=\u20090.7 [\u22120.6, 2.0]) compared with participants not undergoing PCI (SI\u2009=\u20090.4 [\u22120.8, 1.7] vs. LI\u2009=\u20090.7 [\u22120.3, 1.6]) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.043 for interaction).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>No consistent treatment differences were found for total medication dose, pain, or satisfaction regardless of timing between sedation and local anesthetic. Treatment moderations were seen for patients undergoing PCI. Further investigation of how procedural and individual factors impact the patient experience during CC is needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.30535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]],"date-time":"2023-01-14T19:15:18Z","timestamp":1673723718000},"page":"335-342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Timing of sedation and patient\u2010reported pain outcomes during cardiac catheterization: Results from the UNTAP\u2010intervention study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6223-9779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Mall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Heart Center Duke University Health System Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. Andrew","family":"Girton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Heart Center Duke University Health System Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Yardley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Heart Center Duke University Health System Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meghan","family":"Ronn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Heart Center Duke University Health System Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elinore","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Heart Center Duke University Health System Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences Duke University School of Medicine Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paige","family":"Rossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology Duke University School of Medicine Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiffany","family":"McEwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology Duke University School of Medicine Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. Magnus","family":"Ohman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, FACC Duke Program for Advanced Coronary Disease, Division of Cardiology Duke University School of Medicine Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. Schuyler","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke Clinical Research Institute Duke University School of Medicine Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradi B.","family":"Granger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke School of Nursing Duke University Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.28403"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2014.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.26551"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2019.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9932171"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1750458919857658"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.11.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcnurse.2009.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0000000000000812"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JHM-D-15-00050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.CAHPS Outpatient and Ambulatory Surgery Survey. 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