{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T23:19:16Z","timestamp":1792279156328,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cathet Cardio Intervent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transcatheter Pulmonary Flow Restrictors (TPFRs) represent a significant advancement in managing pulmonary blood flow for congenital heart disease patients. However, there is a paucity of comprehensive studies addressing the diversity of these devices and identifying their critical features.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review aims to consolidate the existing knowledge on TPFRs, pinpoint crucial design and development aspects, identify gaps in current practices, and spotlight directions for future research and advancement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An exhaustive search was conducted across multiple databases, using specific search terms related to transcatheter and percutaneous pulmonary artery banding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 2005 and 2024, 82 patients were reported to have received TPFR implants, including fenestrated atrial septal defect occluders, diabolo\u2010shaped stents, and MVP\u2122 Micro Vascular Plug with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes partially removed. Microvascular plugs were the most commonly used and the most successful devices. However, the primary complications and challenges associated with MVPs included pulmonary overflow, unprotected flow to the right upper lobe, difficulty in creating an appropriately sized fenestration, the need for device replacement due to incorrect sizing, distal migration into the right pulmonary artery, left pulmonary artery stenosis, partial device collapse, thrombosis, jailing of the right upper lobe, potential injury to the pulmonary arterial wall, as well as device fracture and infection. TPFRs can be categorized based on the duration they are designed to remain within the pulmonary artery. Strategies should be devised to enable the device's easy removal without harming the pulmonary arterial wall while also preventing embolization. The ideal device should minimize migration, embolization, thrombosis, inflammation, and endothelialization risks. It should also prevent peri\u2010device flow and adapt to the growth of the pulmonary artery, ensuring long\u2010term efficacy and safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The long\u2010term outcomes and the potential for employing biodegradable and smart biomaterials remain areas for further investigation. Successful development of these devices requires a collaborative effort among biomaterial engineers, device developers, and interventional cardiologists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.31308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T01:19:23Z","timestamp":1733102363000},"page":"165-180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Transcatheter Pulmonary Flow Restrictors: Current Trends and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7824-6973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaheh","family":"Malakan Rad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Interventional Cardiology, Children's Medical Center (Pediatric Center of Excellence) and Fetal and Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0072-6034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziyad M.","family":"Hijazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics &amp; Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine Chief International Patients Services &amp; Chair, Sidra Department Cardiovascular Diseases University of Jordan Amman Jordan"},{"name":"PICS Society Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"213","article-title":"The Treatment of Certain Congenital Malformations of the Heart by the Creation of Pulmonic Stenosis to Reduce Pulmonary Hypertension and Excessive Pulmonary Blood Flow; a Preliminary Report","volume":"95","author":"MULLER Wh Jr","year":"1952","journal-title":"Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2005.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.21146"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl354"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"Percutaneous Bilateral Pulmonary Artery Banding Using a Re\u2010Expandable Covered Stent: Preliminary Animal Study","volume":"41","author":"Nakahata Y. 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