{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T07:00:34Z","timestamp":1771225234561,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cathet Cardio Intervent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The thermodilution technique, employing bolus injections to measure coronary flow reserve (CFR) and the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR), is widely used to assess coronary microvascular function. However, the potential influence of catheter size and operator differences on these measurements has not been systematically evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and consistency of thermodilution\u2010based CMD assessment with respect to different catheter sizes and operators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 320 coronary arteries were assessed using a 0.014\u2010inch pressure\u2013temperature sensor\u2010tipped guidewire. The data set included both angiographically normal vessels and those with varying degrees of stenosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four cases using 4\u2009Fr catheters and data from three of seven operators (due to insufficient case numbers) were excluded. No statistically significant differences in CFR or IMR values were observed among the four operators. Similarly, no significant differences were found between experienced and less\u2010experienced operators (CFR: 1.90 vs. 1.80,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.178; IMR: 19.00 vs. 20.50,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.968). In contrast, CFR values varied significantly by catheter size (5\u2009Fr: 2.20; 6\u2009Fr: 1.80; 7\u2009Fr: 1.50; 8\u2009Fr: 1.70;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), whereas IMR remained unaffected. When catheter sizes were dichotomized (small: 5\u20136\u2009Fr; large: 7\u20138\u2009Fr), CFR was significantly higher in the small\u2010size group (1.95 vs. 1.65,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003), while IMR showed no significant difference (20.00 vs. 20.00,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.239).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While the selection of larger catheter sizes may affect CFR with thermodilution, common sizes and operator techniques show consistent results in practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.70085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T06:29:37Z","timestamp":1754548177000},"page":"2439-2447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Procedural Differences on Bolus Thermodilution Method for Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3334-389X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shojiro","family":"Hirano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Toho University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Yabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Toho University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Okubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Toho University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Amano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Toho University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0096-438X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takanori","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Toho University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12113-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.160"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.023207","article-title":"Prevalence of Coronary Microvascular Disease and Coronary Vasospasm in Patients With Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Mileva N.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the American Heart Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2022.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4201.099223"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000017199.09457.3D"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.603522"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2020.12.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9971874"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.112.968511"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"549","article-title":"Dynamic Damping of the Aortic Pressure Trace During Hyperemia: The Impact on Fractional Flow Reserve Measurement","volume":"25","author":"Lockie T.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Invasive Cardiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.1810330213"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(66)90470-4"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"306","article-title":"Prospective Evaluation of the Impact of Side\u2010Holes and Guide\u2010Catheter Disengagement From the Coronary Ostium on Fractional Flow Reserve Measurements","volume":"28","author":"Patel K. S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Invasive Cardiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-22-00772"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2023.09.027"}],"container-title":["Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ccd.70085","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ccd.70085","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ccd.70085","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T06:00:40Z","timestamp":1771221640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ccd.70085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ccd.70085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccd.70085","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-1946","1522-726X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-1946","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-726X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}