{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T06:04:02Z","timestamp":1789365842870,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789257600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cathet Cardio Intervent"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiation dose reduction is a target for innovation in cardiology. Frame rate reduction during image acquisition in coronary angiography reduces radiation dose but at the cost of clinical information. Video frame interpolation (VFI) is an artificial intelligence (AI)\u2010based technique which can synthesize intermediate frames between existing ones and may be suited to fluoroscopic imaging. VFI algorithms, therefore, represent an opportunity to reduce radiation doses while maintaining the same frame rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our aim was to evaluate two VFI algorithms, Real\u2010time Intermediate Flow Estimation (RIFE) and Residue Refinement Interpolation (RRIN), in their ability to reduce radiation doses in the catheterization laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty coronary angiography sequences were retrospectively obtained. Every second frame from each sequence was replaced with an artificial frame synthesized by VFI algorithms (RIFE and RRIN). Each altered sequence was compared to the original quantitatively using computer vision metrics. Sequences were assessed qualitatively by blinded cardiologists using a novel scoring system based on clinically relevant image quality criteria. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient between scores for each algorithm and original sequences was then calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On clinical assessment, RIFE slightly outperformed RRIN. RIFE showed good correlation with original sequences for noise suppression (0.747, 95% CI 0.682\u20130.812), main branch evaluation (0.737, 95% CI 0.672\u20130.802), and side branch evaluation (0.792, 95% CI 0.740\u20130.844). Computer vision metrics indicated that RRIN performed better than RIFE. Results from qualitative and quantitative assessments disagreed on the best\u2010performing VFI algorithm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VFI through AI\u2010based algorithms may allow radiation dose reduction while maintaining diagnostic capability. The superior clinical results and low training and computational footprint of the RIFE algorithm make it attractive for real\u2010time frame rate augmentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.70856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T05:38:28Z","timestamp":1789364308000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Novel Use of an AI\u2010Based Video Interpolation Algorithm to Reduce Radiation Dose in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8368-7826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rory A.","family":"Gallen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Gambini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and CRANN Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Cardiology Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute University of California Oakland California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Banahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science University College Dublin Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Pillar Centre for Transformative Healthcare Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"McGorrian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Caldwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paddy","family":"Gilligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9085-8881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew S. P.","family":"Sharp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Sanvito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and CRANN Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan P.","family":"Casserly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin J.","family":"Blake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7120-9-35"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJV16I8A113"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-200011000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icrp.2012.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2023.101040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.945726"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52260-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-020-02016-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15212\/CVIA.2021.0011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"8104","article-title":"Learning to Extract Flawless Slow Motion From Blurry Videos","author":"Jin M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP40776.2020.9053987"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.25913"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/53\/18\/005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006465"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/nci750"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20080522"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.819861"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15654"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-024-01620-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70252\/LANZ1453"}],"container-title":["Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ccd.70856","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ccd.70856","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ccd.70856","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T05:38:28Z","timestamp":1789364308000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ccd.70856"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ccd.70856"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccd.70856","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-1946","1522-726X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-1946","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-726X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"ccd.70856"}}