{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T04:59:52Z","timestamp":1784350792943,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001949","name":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research support Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research support Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB)\u2010related death has increased for the first time in a decade due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019), globally. People living with HIV (PLWHIV) might be at a higher risk of developing COVID\u201019\u2010related complications. Herein, we describe the first case of a patient surviving from SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010TB\u2010HIV triple co\u2010infection in Cameroon. A 36\u2010year\u2010old Cameroonian woman presented at the emergency unit of the Jamot Hospital, Yaound\u00e9 with symptoms of anorexia, productive cough, weight loss, and fever. The SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 rapid antigen test on nasopharyngeal sample was positive. Chest X\u2010ray showed bilateral parenchymal and tracheal calcifications most consistent with prior pulmonary histoplasmosis, varicella, or TB. She was tested HIV positive, and the sputum sample tested positive for TB on auramine staining. TB therapy (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) and COVID\u201019 treatment were initiated, and the symptoms improved after 2\u2009weeks of treatment. The SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 rapid antigen and real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction tests were negative after 2\u2009weeks. She was discharged home on antiretroviral therapy and TB therapy. Coinfection with both TB, HIV, and SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 may be common in Cameroon but not reported. The similar clinical features of COVID\u201019 and TB usually lead to misdiagnosis. Early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment improve outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.6018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T05:33:32Z","timestamp":1657776812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<scp>SARS\u2010CoV<\/scp>\n                    \u20102,\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    , and\n                    <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>\n                    triple co\u2010infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2745-0450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius Paulin","family":"Ngouanom Kuate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science University of Buea  Buea Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Bongomin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Gulu University  Gulu Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland Ndip","family":"Ndip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science University of Buea  Buea Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Med\u00e9cins Sans Fronti\u00e8res (MSF). (2020).MSF supports COVID\u201019 response in Cameroon.https:\/\/www.msf.org\/msf\u2010supports\u2010covid\u201019\u2010response\u2010cameroon. Accessed March 07 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). (2022).WHO coronavirus (COVID\u201019) dashboard\u2010Cameroon.https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/region\/afro\/country\/cm. Accessed June 04 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2021.1749"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251170"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/Spectrum.00163-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). (2021).Tuberculosis profile: Cameroon.https:\/\/worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io\/tb_profiles\/?_inputs_&entity_type=%22country%22&lan=%22EN%22&iso2=%22CM%22. Accessed March 07 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"United Nation (UN). (2021).COVID\u201019 caused rise in TB deaths for first time in a decade gains \u2018reversed\u2019.https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2021\/10\/1103022. Accessed March 06 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IMCRJ.S326383"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmcr.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.supp.2020.37.16.26167"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nordling L.(2020).HIV and TB increase death risk from COVID\u201019 study finds\u2014but not by much.https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/article\/hiv\u2010and\u2010tb\u2010increase\u2010death\u2010risk\u2010covid\u201019\u2010study\u2010finds\u2010not\u2010much. Accessed March 07 2022.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd3406"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2021).Global HIV and TB: Cameroon country profile.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/globalhivtb\/where\u2010we\u2010work\/cameroon\/cameroon.html. Accessed March 03 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-020-00646-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCMA.0000000000000463"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2020.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249668"}],"container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ccr3.6018","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ccr3.6018","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ccr3.6018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T05:02:44Z","timestamp":1764306164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ccr3.6018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ccr3.6018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccr3.6018","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-0904","2050-0904"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-0904","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-0904","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e6018"}}