{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:14:50Z","timestamp":1790381690871,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nitrous oxide is a gas frequently used in the medical\/dental field for anesthesia and analgesic purposes and in the food industry as a spray propellant or foaming agent. Overexposure can lead to subacute combined degeneration (SACD) of the spinal cord through the mechanism of vitamin B12 deficiency. Because this drug is easily accessible, relatively inexpensive, and legal to possess, it has potential to be abused for recreational purposes. The number of published cases of nitrous oxide abuse has been increasing since 2010. Large\u2010scale and long\u2010term use of nitrous oxide have been found to cause nerve damage from vitamin B12 deficiency, thromboembolic phenomenon from elevated homocysteine levels, and even death from hypoxia. A 44\u2010year\u2010old male patient with past medical history of recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes, on Metformin, presented for 1\u2009month of worsening bilateral upper and lower extremity weakness. On initial physical examination, he demonstrated pertinent abnormal findings of 2\/5 hand strength bilaterally, 4\/5 strength in his left upper extremity and right lower extremity, impaired coordination, ataxic gait, rigidity, and decreased but symmetrical reflexes. He reported using 50\u2013100 canisters of nitrous oxide per day to obtain a feeling of relaxation and euphoria. Blood work revealed vitamin B12 deficiency, and abnormalities were seen on MRI. He was treated with 1000\u00a0\u03bcg of intramuscular vitamin B12 every other day for 3 doses, followed by 500\u00a0\u03bcg oral cyanocobalamin daily. He demonstrated a great amount of improvement in his neuropathy during his stay. However, he was still dependent in basic transfers, activities of daily living, and mobility and was discharged to acute rehabilitation. Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to subacute combined degeneration, which presents with sensory deficits, weakness, ataxia, spasticity, and gait abnormalities. Treatment for SACD should be aggressive and rapid to prevent irreversible neurological deficits. Amid an opioid epidemic, practitioners can easily overlook the use of nitrous oxide and patients may consider this drug to be relatively harmless. This case demonstrates the importance of thorough history taking, patient education, and early recognition and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency and the deleterious effects that may result without intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.6770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T23:28:31Z","timestamp":1673911711000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Recreational nitrous oxide induced subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord: A case report"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kaitlyn","family":"Simpson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Medicine Residency Garnet Health Medical Center  Middletown New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7891-8207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit","family":"Mukherji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Medicine Residency Garnet Health Medical Center  Middletown New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12691\/ajmcr-6-12-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12372"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.18644"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.931936"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2015.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.15-2-145"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Saji AM","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Qudsiya Z","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S236939"}],"container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ccr3.6770","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ccr3.6770","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ccr3.6770","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T14:12:15Z","timestamp":1764252735000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ccr3.6770"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ccr3.6770"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccr3.6770","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-0904","2050-0904"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-0904","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-0904","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e6770"}}