{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T14:34:55Z","timestamp":1761921295609,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]],"date-time":"2024-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mayer\u2013Rokitansky\u2013K\u00fcster\u2013Hauser syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRKHS<\/jats:styled-content>) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by agenesis of the uterus and upper two\u2010thirds of the vagina. It affects around 1 in 4000\u20135000 females and is of two types: type 1, also known as isolated M\u00fcllerian aplasia or Rokitansky, which involves only uterovaginal agenesis, and type 2, presents as uterovaginal agenesis along with renal, cardiac, and other organ anomalies. Despite the absence of vaginal and uterine structures, individuals with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRKHS<\/jats:styled-content> typically present with normal secondary sexual characteristics and ovarian functions. A 26\u2010year\u2010old female presented with primary amenorrhea. Despite this, she had typical secondary sexual characteristics. Physical examination revealed normal pubic hair distribution and external genitalia, consistent with Tanner's stage 5 development. Further evaluation via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed diagnosis of MRKHS type II, revealing the absence of the uterus and upper two\u2010thirds of the vagina, with normal ovaries and absent left kidney. A multidisciplinary team performed McIndoe vaginoplasty creating a successful neovagina, measuring 7\u2009cm in length, using split\u2010thickness skin graft. MRKHS, a rare congenital anomaly involving M\u00fcllerian duct abnormalities, poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The etiology remains unknown, but it likely stems from defective M\u00fcllerian fusion during embryologic development. Differential diagnosis from conditions like androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is crucial. MRI is important in diagnosis, revealing associated anomalies. Treatment aims to restore sexual function. This case presents that MRKHS can occur with normal hormonal function and typical secondary sexual characteristics. Neovagina creation is an effective surgical intervention for young females seeking to restore sexual function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.70009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T04:24:53Z","timestamp":1734323093000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<scp>McIndoe<\/scp> Vaginoplasty in <scp>MRKHS<\/scp>: Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6147-4942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Newton Ashish","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0415-0199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manish","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suman","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Digraj","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aalok Kumar","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asmita","family":"Ghimire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hima","family":"Rijal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Poonam","family":"Koirala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usx066"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JMU.JMU_172_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47391\/JPMA.6355"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000373"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1083\u20103188(97)70058\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048\u2010022\u201001067\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2023.04.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2023.01.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471\u20100528.15888"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192\u2010020\u201004425\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002\u20109378(03)00938\u20104"}],"container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ccr3.70009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T12:21:04Z","timestamp":1748348464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ccr3.70009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ccr3.70009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccr3.70009","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-0904","2050-0904"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2050-0904"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2050-0904"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70009"}}