{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T04:10:13Z","timestamp":1759205413080,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute post\u2010streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is an important immunological complication that follows Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections. It usually affects children between 5 and 15\u2009years of age and is rarely seen in children younger than 3\u2009years, likely because their immature immune systems limit the exaggerated immune response. The condition typically presents with hematuria, edema, hypertension, and renal insufficiency. Diagnosis is supported by elevated antistreptolysin O (ASO) titers, low complement levels, and a recent history of GAS infection. Although the prognosis in children is generally good, APSGN continues to be a significant concern in regions where GAS is endemic. A 22\u2010month\u2010old girl, previously healthy, developed periorbital swelling, generalized edema, and tea\u2010colored urine after a recent upper respiratory tract infection. Laboratory tests showed proteinuria, hematuria, reactive ASO titers, and mild anemia, while imaging studies were unremarkable. Based on clinical and laboratory findings, APSGN was diagnosed. She was managed with furosemide, nifedipine, and ceftriaxone. Her condition improved markedly, with complete resolution of hematuria and proteinuria within 2 months. ASO titers returned to normal, and renal function was fully restored. This case demonstrates the uncommon occurrence of APSGN in children under 3\u2009years of age and stresses the importance of including it in the differential diagnosis of nephritic syndrome in toddlers. The excellent outcome in this patient reflects the generally favorable prognosis of APSGN in pediatric populations. Early recognition and treatment remain essential, as GAS infections in infants, though less common, can still lead to post\u2010infectious complications such as APSGN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.70861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T06:59:36Z","timestamp":1757487576000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acute Post\u2010Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis in a 22\u2010Month\u2010Old Toddler: A Rare and Uncustomary Age of Onset"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3679-7920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abrham Bire","family":"Akeberegn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Hawassa University  Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7040-9858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanuel Anegagregn","family":"Bizuneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Hawassa University  Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-2442.111061"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-008-0778-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-197710000-00015"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"240","article-title":"Post\u2010Infectious Glomerulonephritis","volume":"37","author":"Balasubramanian R.","year":"2017","journal-title":"PaediatrInt Child Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"499","article-title":"Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis: A New Look at an Old Entity","volume":"9","author":"Nasr S. H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"633","volume-title":"Red Book: 2024 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases","author":"Committee on Infectious Diseases","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"J. R.Carapetis \u201cThe Current Evidence for the Burden of Group A Streptococcal Diseases. World Health Organization Geneva \u201d (2005)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01213338"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020109"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"E1","article-title":"The Diagnosis and Treatment of Glomerulonephritis","volume":"33","author":"Appel G. 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