{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T04:45:51Z","timestamp":1778733951440,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hemoptysis management may necessitate invasive interventions, but combined nebulized and intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) can play a promising noninvasive role in controlling hemoptysis. This case report describes two patients with non\u2010life\u2010threatening hemoptysis (a 71\u2010 and a 69\u2010year\u2010old man) successfully treated with combined nebulized and systemic IV TXA. A 71\u2010year\u2010old man with COPD exacerbation and non\u2010life\u2010threatening hemoptysis was successfully treated with TXA (both IV and nebulized) and standard care, which controlled the bleeding without adverse events or recurrence, and was discharged after 7\u2009days. A 69\u2010year\u2010old male with bronchiectasis exacerbation experienced non\u2010life\u2010threatening hemoptysis. He was successfully treated with IV and nebulized TXA along with standard care, resolving the hemoptysis without recurrence and discharging the patient 8\u2009days after admission. Existing evidence supports nebulized TXA's localized action, minimizing systemic absorption and thrombotic risks, though its efficacy on hemoptysis remains unproven. A brief review of 30 cases highlights nebulized TXA's high success rate with doses ranging from 250 to 2000\u2009mg, though rare side effects like bronchospasm and serotonin\u2010like syndrome warrant caution. Playing a role as a potential alternative approach for antifibrinolytic administration in hemoptysis, especially for high\u2010thrombotic\u2010risk patients, and serving as a vital stabilization and bridging strategy before definitive interventional procedures, could be the main area for future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.71443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T03:48:52Z","timestamp":1762746532000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Combined Nebulized and\n                    <scp>IV<\/scp>\n                    Tranexamic Acid for Hemoptysis Management: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3903-0464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erfan","family":"Ghadirzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"},{"name":"Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non\u2010Communicable Diseases Institute Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faezeh","family":"Shokri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shamim","family":"Khorshidian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Ziari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari 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