{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T06:26:59Z","timestamp":1765261619835,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]],"date-time":"2025-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV\u20108), also known as Kaposi sarcoma\u2010associated herpesvirus (KSHV), causes multiple cancers, particularly Kaposi sarcoma (KS), which continues to be a major health concern for patients with severe HIV\/AIDS. When KS affects the lungs, it can create diagnostic difficulties, especially when it appears as chest fluid accumulation without characteristic lesions. We describe an unusual case involving a 27\u2010year\u2010old HIV\u2010positive female patient with skin KS who developed worsening breathing problems and was discovered to have hemorrhagic pleural effusion. Medical imaging showed bilateral massive pleural effusions with adjacent compressive atelectasis. HHV\u20108 genetic material was identified in the pleural effusion, and surgical examination revealed small nodular growths on the visceral and parietal pleural surfaces; nevertheless, microscopic tissue analysis indicated a reactive, non\u2010cancerous chest lining response. Other infectious and tumor\u2010related causes were eliminated. Treatment with antiretroviral medications and encapsulated doxorubicin resulted in marked clinical improvement. This case highlights the necessity of including widespread KS as a diagnostic possibility in HIV\u2010positive patients presenting with hemorrhagic pleural effusion. Identifying HHV\u20108 in chest fluid combined with typical clinical characteristics can support the diagnosis. Early treatment with antiretroviral therapy and cancer medications can produce significant clinical improvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.71469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T04:22:22Z","timestamp":1763353342000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pleural Effusion in an\n HIV<\/scp>\n \u2010Positive Patient: A Case Report and Review of Diagnostic Challenges"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6786-1524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Payam","family":"Tabarsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD) Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2236-2303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjan","family":"Hemmatian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Loghman Hospital, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3675-0500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Moradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14080"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/rjim-2020-0017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-233335"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-103-5-808_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.76.2.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.2.655a"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Pleural Effusion in AIDS","volume":"22","author":"Bhattacharya A. K.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lung India"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.69106"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.14.0289"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13027-020-00341-4"}],"container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ccr3.71469","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T05:53:22Z","timestamp":1765259602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ccr3.71469"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ccr3.71469"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccr3.71469","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-0904","2050-0904"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2050-0904"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2050-0904"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71469"}}