{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T10:34:19Z","timestamp":1766399659164,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rhino\u2010orbital\u2010cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is a rare but highly lethal fungal infection that typically occurs in patients with classical immunosuppressive states. This report presents a case of ROCM in a 27\u2010year\u2010old male whose sole systemic risk factor was chronic Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis D (HDV) coinfection. The patient presented with advanced disease, including nasal necrosis and progressive periorbital swelling. Advanced imaging revealed extensive intraorbital and intracranial invasion with significant mass effect, a finding that rendered the standard\u2010of\u2010care surgical debridement prohibitively high risk. A definitive diagnosis was established via histopathology. Consequently, a deliberate decision was made to proceed with exclusive medical management. The patient was treated successfully with high\u2010dose intravenous liposomal amphotericin B monotherapy, resulting in a favorable clinical outcome. This case establishes chronic viral hepatitis as a significant non\u2010classical risk factor for ROCM and provides critical evidence that aggressive medical monotherapy can serve as a definitive, life\u2010saving treatment when the standard bimodal surgical approach is contraindicated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.71707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T03:58:35Z","timestamp":1766030315000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rhino\u2010Orbital\u2010Cerebral Mucormycosis in a Patient With Chronic Hepatitis B and D Coinfection: A Rare Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fazeela","family":"Bibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Jinnah Medical and Dental College  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Hamza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Saidu Medical College  Swat Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0252-275X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osvani Leyva","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine  Caribbean USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manal","family":"Mohsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine M. Islam Medical &amp; Dental College  Gujranwala Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alizah","family":"fareed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Sir Syed College of Medical Sciences  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7958-1569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fareena","family":"Ambreen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Khyber Girls Medical College  Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6138-6684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalil El","family":"Abdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat Mohammed V University  Rabat Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7885-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Said Hamid","family":"Sadat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kabul University of Medical Science Abu Ali ibn Sina  Kabul Afghanistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2001.00656.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5010026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/432579"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/590004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i27.3527"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2015.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.33145"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8050445"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2015.42"},{"volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","year":"2025","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez J. 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