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Postoperatively, an epidural catheter was placed for pain management. Despite its intended benefits, the patient developed symptoms of cauda equina syndrome, a rare but serious neurological condition possibly related to epidural anesthesia and lithotomy position.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.71859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T07:57:12Z","timestamp":1768636632000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unforeseen Complications: Cauda Equina Syndrome After Vaginoplasty Combined With Epidural Analgesia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5379-3022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toni P.","family":"Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, HUS Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaisu","family":"Ojala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, HUS Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000003233"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.25088"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7275.1493"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/87.1.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. 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