{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T03:16:49Z","timestamp":1777951009119,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82303998"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82303998"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lentigines, caf\u00e9\u2010au\u2010lait macules (CALMs), and vitiligo are pigmentary disorders that seldom occur together in a single individual. Their co\u2010occurrence may indicate underlying genetic syndromes requiring differential diagnosis. We report an 18\u2010year\u2010old male who developed CALMs at age 11, agminated lentigines at age 13, and vitiligo on the right chest six months thereafter. Comprehensive examinations excluded Peutz\u2010Jeghers syndrome, Leopard syndrome, Carney complex, and Neurofibromatosis type 1. Eight\u2010year follow\u2010up\u2014the longest reported for this combination\u2014demonstrated a benign natural history: Stable vitiligo throughout and lentigines reaching a plateau by early adulthood. Negative autoimmune screening suggests localized immune dysregulation, supporting the Immunocompromised Cutaneous District hypothesis. A staged therapeutic approach prioritizing vitiligo stabilization is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.72660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T08:44:43Z","timestamp":1777884283000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Co\u2010Occurrence of Agminated Lentigines, Caf\u00e9\u2010Au\u2010Lait Macules, and Vitiligo: A Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0594-234X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinxin","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9374-863X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","first-page":"355","volume-title":"Pigmentation Disorders: Hyperpigmentation and Hypopigmentation. Dermatovenerology Textbook","author":"Prohic A.","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s10689-011-9446-x","article-title":"The Differential Diagnosis of Familial Lentiginosis Syndromes","volume":"10","author":"Lodish M. B.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Familial Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S415686","article-title":"Isolated Palmoplantar Lentiginosis","volume":"16","author":"Alghubaywi F.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.171651","article-title":"Agminated Lentiginosis or Segmental Neurofibromatosis: A Diagnostic Challenge","volume":"82","author":"Dawoud N. 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K.","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2019.05.001","article-title":"Caf\u00e9 Au Lait Macules and Associated Genetic Syndromes","volume":"34","author":"Anderson S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Health Care: Official Publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners"},{"issue":"43","key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5397","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.5397","article-title":"Peutz\u2010Jeghers Syndrome: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach","volume":"15","author":"Kopacova M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-3-13","article-title":"Leopard syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Sarkozy A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1159\/000345669","article-title":"Carney Complex","volume":"41","author":"Espiard S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carney Complex. 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