{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:04:36Z","timestamp":1784307876072,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Wilson disease is rarely reported among African children. Wilson disease is due to a mutation in ATP7B on an autosomal recessive pattern, which causes defective copper excretion and copper accumulation in tissues such as liver and brain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second reported case of Wilson disease from Sudan, and it highlights the challenges of diagnosis and management in low\u2010resource settings. Our report strengthens the need for awareness and accountability of rare diseases in public health systems, especially when access to diagnostics and special therapies is limited. A 13\u2010year\u2010old male of Sudanese descent with consanguineous parents presented with progressive generalized edema, jaundice, and ascites. On physical examination, Kayser\u2010Fleischer rings were observed. Laboratory tests revealed hypoalbuminemia, thrombocytopenia, and a family history of sibling deaths. Additionally, there was a difference in neuropsychiatric status. MRI of the brain demonstrated hyperintensities in the basal ganglia, known as the \u201cgiant panda sign.\u201d A diagnosis of Wilson disease was made, with a Leipzig score of 7\/10, based on low serum copper, hemolytic anemia, and the family history. Initial therapy with D\u2010penicillamine and then zinc was administered, but it failed to prevent neurological decline. This deterioration occurred between visits. Moreover, the only alternate therapy, trientine, in all its forms, was not available at the time. Wilson disease, thought rare, occurs in African children but remains underdiagnosed due to resource constraints. This case highlights diagnostic challenges, the critical role of clinical suspicion, and urgent need for accessible diagnostic and affordable therapies in low\u2010resource settings to improve outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.72849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T03:54:39Z","timestamp":1780631679000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pediatric Wilson Disease in Sudan: A Rare Case, Sudan Conflict and Diagnostic Challenges"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Amjed Abdu Ali","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicince Khartoum University  Khartoum Sudan"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Nile Valley University  Atbara Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anaheed Alzubair Mohammed","family":"HabeebAllah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Nile Valley University  Atbara Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4316-1247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sudad salahaldeen Hassan","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Nile Valley University  Atbara Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aprar Kamal Mohammed Ali","family":"Almamoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira  Wad Madani SD Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehad Mortada BadrAlden","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Nile Valley University  Atbara Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arafa Mubarak Abotalib","family":"Aref","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Nile Valley University  Atbara Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima Bashir Omer","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Nile Valley University  Atbara Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarig Mohamed Nourallah","family":"Altegani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Omdurman Islamic University  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5016-7250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Alshafei Elmahi","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicince The National Ribat University  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_17_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2020.1838441"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0018-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_6_1","unstructured":"\u201cScoring system developed at the 8th International Meeting on Wilson's\u2026 | Download Table [Internet] \u201dhttps:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/figure\/Scoring\u2010system\u2010developed\u2010at\u2010the\u20108th\u2010International\u2010Meeting\u2010on\u2010Wilsons\u2010disease\u2010Leipzig_tbl1_221838268."},{"key":"e_1_2_17_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20352"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_17_8_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Wilson's Disease \u2010 A Case Report","volume":"6","author":"Kaur H.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR] [Internet]"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752\u20101947\u20106\u2010200"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60196-2"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_17_11_1","article-title":"Wilson's Disease in Children \u2013Experience From a Tertiary Care Centre","volume":"6","author":"Chaudhuri S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research"},{"issue":"263","key":"e_1_2_17_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a068320","article-title":"Wilson's Disease Presenting With Features of Hepatic Dysfunction: A Clinical Analysis of Eighty\u2010Seven Patients","volume":"70","author":"Walshe J. 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