{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:04:27Z","timestamp":1784307867836,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare inflammatory breast disorder, primarily attributed to immunological dysregulation, hormonal imbalances, or fertility\u2010related conditions. We report a 26\u2010year\u2010old female with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) under long\u2010term multidrug psychotropic treatment who developed IGM. She had been treated with methylphenidate for at least 23\u2009years and aripiprazole, clozapine, citalopram, valproate sodium, and propranolol for at least 10\u2009years. The patient was sexually inactive, had no fertility\u2010related risk factors, and no prior use of contraceptive pills. She had no history of breast\u2010related disorders. She presented with induration and erythema of the right breast. Ultrasound examination showed multiple organized hypoechoic collections and recommended core needle biopsy (BIRADS 4a). Pathologic evaluation revealed granulomatous mastitis, and no neoplastic lesion was identified. Her prolactin level was 17.8\u2009ng\/mL (reference range: 4.7\u201323.3\u2009ng\/mL). She was prescribed oral antibiotics, corticosteroids, and anti\u2010inflammatory drugs. Due to the patient's improvement during follow\u2010up visits, the oral corticosteroid was tapered and antibiotic therapy was discontinued. On the last visit, 5\u2009months and 24\u2009days after the first visit, the breast presentation exhibited complete improvement, and corticosteroid therapy was discontinued. Although a clear relationship cannot be determined from a single case, prolonged exposure to psychotropic medications may contribute to immune dysregulation and oxidative stress, potentially associated with the development of IGM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.72856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T07:18:47Z","timestamp":1780730327000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis in a Nulliparous Woman With Autism Spectrum Disorder Receiving Long\u2010Term Psychotropic Treatment and Normal Serum Prolactin Level: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0307-4358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esmat","family":"Davoudi\u2010Monfared","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Management Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7840-170X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Shahabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7459-8429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asieh Sadat","family":"Fattahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7855-0123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marzieh","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2450-5164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahsa","family":"Akbari Oryani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4871-7292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azadeh","family":"Jabbari Nooghabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Oncology Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ijwh.s536970"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32768\/abc.20229SI261\u2010271"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.13300"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2015.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/6693720"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2021.0341"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2022.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.75733"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9947797"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2022.110518"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010\u2010011\u20101113\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033693"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","first-page":"1200","volume-title":"Association Between Central Nervous System Stimulants Used to Treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Raynaud's Phenomenon: A Scoping Review","author":"Umair H. 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