{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T05:40:52Z","timestamp":1792734052842,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The management of large periapical lesions is challenging, as lesion size alone does not predict treatment outcome or mandate surgery. This case series presents three large periapical lesions with 4\u2010 to 12\u2010year follow\u2010up, illustrating different therapeutic pathways. Two cases (mandibular canine\/premolar and maxillary lateral incisor) resolved with non\u2010surgical treatment, achieving radiographic healing at 12\u2010year and 5\u2010year follow\u2010ups, respectively; the lesion in Case 1 persisted at 2\u2009years but resolved by 12\u2009years. The third case (maxillary lateral incisor with sinus tract and swelling) failed non\u2010surgical retreatment, requiring periradicular surgery with MTA, resulting in complete healing at 4\u2009years. All cases achieved Periapical Index scores of 2. This series demonstrates that non\u2010surgical management remains first\u2010line, but persistent symptoms, sinus tracts, or lack of radiographic improvement at 1\u2009year should prompt surgery. Long\u2010term follow\u2010up is essential to distinguish delayed healing from true failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.73727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T05:47:18Z","timestamp":1791784038000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long\u2010Term Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Large Periapical Lesions Managed by Non\u2010Surgical and Surgical Endodontic Treatment: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9170-653X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Aminsobhani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center AJA and Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran 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