{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:21:36Z","timestamp":1790774496062,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"Key clinical message<\/jats:title>It is important to consider foot and ankle tuberculosis (TB) as a potential cause of cystic lesion around the ankle, especially in patients with a history of TB. Early diagnosis and treatment with a rifampin\u2010based regimen for a duration of 12\u2009months can lead to good functional and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Abstract<\/jats:title>Skeletal TB is an uncommon accounting for 10% of extra\u2010pulmonary TB may present slowly over an extended period of time, making a diagnosis difficult and time\u2010consuming (Microbiology Spectr. 2017;5:5). For the best possible outcome and to reduce the risk of deformity diagnosis must be early (Foot (Edinb). 2018;37:105). For the treatment of drug\u2010susceptible musculoskeletal illness, a rifampin\u2010based regimen lasting 12\u2009months is advised (Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63:e147; J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1993;75:240; Tubercle. 1986;67:243). A 33\u2010year\u2010old female who are working as nurse with diffuse, persistent and low in intensity ankle pain not aggravated relieved by analgesia and swelling over a period of 2\u2009months, static not related to activity. With past medical history of partially treated pulmonary TB 1\u2009year ago. She reported night sweats and low\u2010grade fever during this period, and she denied any history of trauma. The right ankle was globally swollen and tender anteriorly and on the lateral malleolus. The skin over the ankle showed dark discoloration with cautery marks with no discharging sinuses. The range of motion of the right ankle was decreased. The plain x\u2010ray of the right ankle showed three cystic lesion at the distal tibia, one cyst at the lateral malleolus and another one at the calcaneum. Surgical biopsy and expert gene test confirmed the diagnosis of tuberculous osteomyelitis. The patient was planned for surgical curettage of the lesion. After the confirmation of the diagnosis of TB with the biopsy and gene expert test, with consultation of senior chest physician the patient fitted to anti\u2010tuberculous regimen. The patient had good functional and clinical outcome. This case report highlights the importance of considering skeletal TB as a potential cause of musculoskeletal symptoms, especially in patients with a history of TB. Early diagnosis and treatment with a rifampin\u2010based regimen for a duration of 12\u2009months can lead to good functional and clinical outcomes. Further research on the management and prevention of musculoskeletal TB is warranted to improve patient outcomes. The lesson behind this case is that the diagnosis TB osteomyelitis should be on the top of differential diagnosis of multiple cystic lesions around the foot and ankle especially in area where TB is endemic. Early diagnosis and early start of anti\u2010tuberculous therapy can lead to full cure of the patient and in bad situation can minimize the complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.7483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T04:37:43Z","timestamp":1686717463000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Foot and ankle tuberculosis: A case report and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sami","family":"Nogdallah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Al\u2010Neelain University Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1838-0403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Elghazali Abuelgassim E.","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzaiem Alazhari University Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa Mohamed","family":"Khairy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sudan Medical Specialization Board Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montaser","family":"Fatooh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al\u2010Neelain University Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hozaifa Mohammed Ali","family":"Abd\u2010Elmaged","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzaiem Alazhari University Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2018.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0046-2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200205000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200205000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2005.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-3026.54873"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2006.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.167.4.603"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw376"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","first-page":"240","article-title":"Controlled trial of short\u2010course regimens of chemotherapy in the ambulatory treatment of spinal tuberculosis. 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