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To date, there is still no clear\u2010cut diagnostic pathway for parathyroid carcinoma established, which results in major diagnostic ambiguity and complexity. Clinical differentiation between benign parathyroid adenoma and carcinoma is challenging and ultimately the diagnosis remains histopathological. We present a case of a 58\u2010year\u2010old female patient with parathyroid tumor recurrence after parathyroidectomy because of primary hyperparathyroidism. The first tumor was histologically classified as an atypical parathyroid adenoma by a specialized endocrine pathologist. Eleven years after the primary tumor resection a new tumor recurred. Retrospectively, after the tumor recurrence, the primary diagnosis of the atypical adenoma was questioned, and the tumor was temporarily classified to rather be a parathyroid carcinoma. This case aims to raise awareness for the diagnostic challenge of parathyroid carcinomas as a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism and therewith to improve treatment and prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.8440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T05:41:44Z","timestamp":1704778904000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Late recurrence of a single gland primary hyperparathyroidism\u2014Atypical parathyroid adenoma or misdiagnosed parathyroid carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8243-7043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Kotliarevskaia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Diabetology and General Medicine, Klinikum Kassel  Kassel Germany"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Vivantes Klinikum Spandau  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Udo","family":"Siebolts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University  Halle Germany"},{"name":"Germany and Institute of Pathology Cologne University  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Dralle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Martin Luther University  Halle Germany"},{"name":"Department of Endocrine Surgery University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Schuppert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Diabetology and General Medicine, Klinikum Kassel  Kassel Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-204279"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22790"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-010-1003-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2009-0578-ccr.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.117s171"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1571"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/sla.0000000000004144"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.2.7207"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.136.8.878"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197303)31:3<600::AID-CNCR2820310316>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2010.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ChuYH LloydRV.Parathyroid cancer: pathology and genetics. 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