{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T21:10:04Z","timestamp":1775077804969,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Clinical Message<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infectious diseases like leprosy can cause antiphospholipid antibodies, leading to blood clots. Clinicians should consider this for patients with unusual thrombotic events and prior infectious disease history.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case report details the diagnostic challenge of a 42\u2010year\u2010old man with a history of treated leprosy who presented with clinical features suggestive of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Vascular angiography revealed thrombosis, and serological tests were positive for APS antibodies. However, the patient subsequently developed symptoms, including thenar atrophy, paresthesia, and hypopigmented skin patches, which prompted further investigation. Electromyography detected sensorimotor polyneuropathy, while a nerve biopsy indicated a resurgence or chronic presence of leprosy. Despite initial APS management, the case evolved into a leprosy relapse confirmation after 20\u2009years of remission, underscoring the diagnostic intricacies when concurrent autoimmune antibodies and infectious disease manifestations are present. This report emphasizes the importance of considering a broad differential diagnosis, including the potential for infectious disease relapse, in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. It illustrates the necessity of an interdisciplinary treatment approach in complex clinical scenarios.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.8705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T23:59:48Z","timestamp":1711497588000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Challenging in leprosy relapse with antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis: A case report"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sousan","family":"Kolahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leyla","family":"Ghadakchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7677-8458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amirreza","family":"Jabbaripour\u00a0Sarmadian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamideh","family":"Azimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1457-8086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Jafarpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9909-1683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amirreza","family":"Khalaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"},{"name":"Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"301","article-title":"The antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Hughes GR","year":"1994","journal-title":"J R Coll Physicians 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Abstracts 1992."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0482-50042009000200009"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","first-page":"S150","article-title":"Unusual association of leprosy with Lucio phenomenon with secondary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and ischemic stroke","volume":"67","author":"Kumar S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.85.3.194"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5070\/D32G75646R"}],"container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ccr3.8705","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T14:27:41Z","timestamp":1764253661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ccr3.8705"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ccr3.8705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccr3.8705","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-0904","2050-0904"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-0904","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-0904","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e8705"}}