{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T13:40:06Z","timestamp":1782222006931,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Key clinical message<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is an autoimmune disease, rarely presents with antiphospholipid syndrome. Diagnosis and management of NMOSD are challenging in the background of diverse presentations, especially in resource\u2010limited settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a progressive demyelinating autoimmune condition resulting from the autoantibodies produced against aquaporin\u20104 (AQP\u20104) proteins which are widely distributed in astrocytes in the nervous system. In the setting of NMOSD, it is very crucial to consider other autoimmune diseases as differential diagnoses or co\u2010occurrences due to the diversity of symptoms. NMOSD co\u2010exists with other autoimmune diseases such as myasthenia gravis, thyroid disease, ankylosing spondylitis, pernicious anemia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, ulcerative colitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Few cases of antiphospholipid syndrome co\u2010existing with NMOSD have been reported. In resource\u2010limited settings, the published data are scarce, and therefore, autoimmune diseases are poorly studied. Therefore, late diagnosis and delayed treatment initiation pose long\u2010term sequelae and hence poor prognosis. Here, we present a case of an African woman in her early 40s presenting with bilateral progressive loss of vision, transverse myelitis, extensive longitudinal hyperintense T2 cervical lesion, and AQP\u20104 autoantibody keeping with NMOSD. The co\u2010existence of antiphospholipid syndrome, in this case, was supported by a history of recurrent pregnancy loss and positive antiphospholipid antibodies. This case underscores the importance of individualized\u2010based medicine, especially in resource\u2010limited settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.8818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T06:29:24Z","timestamp":1715149764000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder co\u2010existing with antiphospholipid syndrome: A case report"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Gidion","family":"Edwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine The Benjamin Mkapa Hospital  Dodoma Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry The University of Dodoma  Dodoma Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Msagati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal 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