{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T02:49:55Z","timestamp":1785898195178,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"Key Clinical Message<\/jats:title>Here we present a case of a 4\u2010year\u2010old girl who suffered from vulvovaginitis caused by Enterobius vermicularis<\/jats:italic>. All members of her family were also infected by this helminth. Treatment with mebendazole was administered to all family members and it was found that the entire family had been cured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Abstract<\/jats:title>Vulvovaginitis, an inflammation of the vulvovaginal mucous membranes, is a common reason for pediatric gynecology consultations. One of the causes of this condition is a parasitic worm known as Enterobius vermicularis<\/jats:italic> (E. vermicularis<\/jats:italic>). In girls, adult worms can infiltrate the vagina and release eggs, leading to the development of vulvovaginitis. Furthermore, these worms have the ability to invade the endometrial cavity too. Here we present a case of a 4\u2010year\u2010old girl who suffered from vulvovaginitis caused by E. vermicularis<\/jats:italic>. All members of her family were also infected by this parasitic helminth. In the vaginal sample, apart from the eggs, the female adult worm was observed under the microscope. Treatment with mebendazole was administered to all family members, and their progress was followed for a period of 3\u2009weeks, during which it was found that the entire family had been cured. This patient experienced significant improvement in symptoms related to severe anxiety, nervousness, vaginal inflammation, itching, and vulvovaginitis caused by E. vermicularis<\/jats:italic>. To prevent infection by E. vermicularis<\/jats:italic>, it is crucial to disinfect underwear and bed sheets. In kindergartens, the spread of this parasite should not be underestimated, and asymptomatic individuals who have been exposed to infected persons should receive treatment to prevent an epidemic. Maintaining cleanliness and hygiene, especially after using the toilet, is of the most importance, particularly for girls who are more susceptible to E. vermicularis<\/jats:italic> infection. Additionally, it is essential for all family members to be aware of the transmission routes of this parasite.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.8902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T05:49:13Z","timestamp":1715233753000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Vulvovaginitis due to Enterobius vermicularis<\/i> in a girl and epidemic enterobiasis in her family"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lotfollah","family":"Davoodi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3035-0928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eissa","family":"Soleymani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Toxoplasmosis Research Center Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziaeddin","family":"Oladi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shadi Shayesteh","family":"Azar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Parandin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH) Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Mizani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Reza","family":"Mirbadie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Shahroud University of Medical Sciences Shahroud Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Hajizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Toxoplasmosis Research Center Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari 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