{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:46:54Z","timestamp":1787237214259,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Clinical Message<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anthracosis causes chronic lung inflammation and immunodeficiency, which are associated with parasitic conditions like lophomonas. Healthcare providers must consider both anthracosis and pulmonary lophomoniasis when evaluating patients with respiratory symptoms, as early detection and treatment can lead to better outcomes for affected individuals. Proper diagnosis and management of these conditions can help prevent complications and improve overall lung health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anthracosis is a chronic pulmonary disease characterized by black pigmentation of the bronchial mucosa due to carbon accumulation in the lungs. This condition can result in immunosuppression and make patients more susceptible to parasitic diseases. A 77\u2010year\u2010old patient was admitted with fever, dyspnea, and cough with whitish\u2010yellow sputum that began 2 months ago. Symptoms worsened with partial response to outpatient treatment. Bronchoscopy was requested due to abnormal lab tests and CT scan findings. Bronchoscopy sample revealed anthracosis and microscopic analysis of BAL detected live oval flagellated lophomonas protozoa. Treatment consisted of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and antibiotic therapy. Anthracosis is linked to parasite diseases, such as lophomonas; thus, concurrent pulmonary lophomoniasis should be considered when anthracosis is identified. Healthcare providers must be vigilant in diagnosing and treating both anthracosis and pulmonary lophomoniasis, as the presence of one may indicate the possibility of the other.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.9085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T07:24:28Z","timestamp":1718695468000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Diagnosis of pulmonary lophomoniasis in an elderly anthracosis patient with resistant respiratory symptoms: A literature review and a case report study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5570-7239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Hadi","family":"Tajik\u00a0Jalayeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Sayyad Medical and Educational Center Golestan University of Medical Sciences  Gorgan Iran"},{"name":"Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9443-3453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narges","family":"Lashkarbolouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Center Golestan University of Medical Sciences  Gorgan Iran"},{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8972-6171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdi","family":"Mazandarani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Center Golestan University of Medical Sciences  Gorgan Iran"},{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anthracosis of the lungs: etiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis: a review","volume":"13","author":"Mirsadraee M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tanaffos"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/bbrj.bbrj_99_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5491\/SHAW.2010.1.1.69"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2015.30.2.140"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-41925-6_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.178025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08907-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/omcr\/omad023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-020-03311-1"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Retrospect and prospect of Lophomonas blattarum infections and lophomoniasis reported in China","volume":"1","author":"Rao X","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open Access Library Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"E73","article-title":"Lophomonas blattarum infection presented as acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"6","author":"Zeng H","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"}],"container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ccr3.9085","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T02:46:21Z","timestamp":1720665981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ccr3.9085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ccr3.9085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccr3.9085","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-0904","2050-0904"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-0904","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-0904","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e9085"}}