{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T21:59:32Z","timestamp":1777327172861,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Key Clinical Message<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with poorly controlled diabetes, early recognition of rare fungal infections like pulmonary mucormycosis, especially when presenting with unusual complications such as broncho\u2010esophageal fistula, is critical. Prompt intervention with antifungal therapy and consideration for surgical debridement significantly impact outcomes. Multidisciplinary management is paramount for such complex cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection caused by the Mucorales. This infection is mostly observed among those with poorly controlled diabetes or immunodeficiency. The most common presentation of the infection among those with poorly controlled diabetes is rhino\u2010orbit\u2010cerebral involvement. In this case report, we provide the history and outcome of a rare case of pulmonary mucormycosis in a patient with poorly controlled diabetes who was simultaneously diagnosed with broncho\u2010esophageal fistula. Our patient was a 32\u2010year\u2010old male with a history of poorly controlled diabetes. Over the months, he had complained of productive coughs and dyspnea, which had lately been joined by dysphagia. He also claimed to have lost considerable weight (10\u2009kg) during the previous 3\u2009months. Barium swallow showed an abnormal flow of contrast between the bronchus and esophagus, suggesting a broncho\u2010esophageal fistula. Computed tomography of the thorax revealed a broncho\u2010esophageal fistula between the left main bronchus (LMB) and esophagus. He had a bronchoscopy the next day, which revealed necrosis and a broncho\u2010esophageal fistula in the LMB. A bronchial biopsy showed typical hyphae with necrotic tissue, indicating mucormycosis. The patient's antimycotic medication (liposomal amphotericin) was started and a prompt surgery consult was ordered. The patient, however, passed away from massive hemoptysis. We described a rare case of pulmonary mucormycosis with broncho\u2010esophageal fistula in a patient with poorly controlled diabetes. The rarity of this combination highlights the associated diagnostic and treatment hurdles. Early detection, antifungal medication, as soon as possible surgical debridement of involved tissues, and a multidisciplinary approach could improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.9093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T03:24:28Z","timestamp":1719631468000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A rare case of pulmonary mucormycosis and broncho\u2010esophageal fistula in a patient with poorly controlled diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Farid","family":"Poursadegh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Diseases Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad 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