{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T15:04:51Z","timestamp":1758812691707,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Key Clinical Message<\/jats:title><jats:p>This case illustrates sarcoidosis as a potential complication of COVID\u201019, highlighting the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach, including histopathology and prolonged monitoring, to distinguish it from post\u2010COVID fibrosis. Further research is crucial to elucidate these associations and understand their underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus\u2010 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102), a positive\u2010sense single\u2010stranded RNA virus, causes COVID\u201019 and has been linked to autoimmune disorders. Sarcoidosis is a multi\u2010system disease that is frequently triggered by infections. It is characterized by non\u2010necrotizing granulomas in multiple organs. We present a case of sarcoidosis as rare sequelae of COVID\u201019. A 26\u2010year\u2010old man presented with mild COVID\u201019 symptoms, followed by prolonged fever and cough despite initial therapy, prompting a provisional diagnosis of post\u2010COVID fibrosis. A subsequent assessment at a tertiary hospital revealed dyspnea, weight loss, and abnormal chest imaging, all of which were consistent with pulmonary sarcoidosis with pulmonary tuberculosis as a differential diagnosis. A biopsy taken during bronchoscopy confirmed pulmonary sarcoidosis and treatment with inhalation steroids resulted in symptom relief, which was followed by remission with oral steroid therapy. Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology, characterized by non\u2010necrotizing granulomas in multiple organs. It may be triggered by infections and involves an abnormal immune response. COVID\u201019 can potentially initiate sarcoidosis, with both sharing common immune mechanisms. Diagnosis involves imaging and biopsy, and treatment typically includes glucocorticoids and regular monitoring. This case report emphasizes the potential link between COVID\u201019 and autoimmune conditions like sarcoidosis, highlighting the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach and long\u2010term observation to distinguish between sarcoidosis and post\u2010COVID fibrosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.9445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T07:56:05Z","timestamp":1726732565000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sarcoidosis in a young adult: A rare sequelae of <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8512-1482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepak","family":"Subedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences College of Medicine  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Binod Raj","family":"Parajuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences  Dhulikhel Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Bista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chitwan Medical College and Teaching Hospital  Chitwan Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5466-3183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Somee","family":"Rauniyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hetauda Hospital  Makawanpur Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anish","family":"Banstola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences  Dhulikhel Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences  Dhulikhel Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Gurung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patan Academy of Health Science  Lalitpur Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112752"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.645013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573397116666201029155856"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101783"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15030782"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000301"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00477-2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622318790197"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10040766"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Etiology of sarcoidosis: does infection play a role?","volume":"85","author":"Saidha S","year":"2012","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","article-title":"Lofgren syndrome in close temporal association with mild COVID\u201019","volume":"26","author":"Mihalov P","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","article-title":"Incidence, management and prognosis of new\u2010onset sarcoidosis post COVID\u201019 infection","volume":"41","author":"Vij O","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcr2.1231"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2021.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102824"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03120-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199905000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.74.2.120"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"ATS\/ERS\/WASOG statement on sarcoidosis. American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society\/world Association of Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders","volume":"16","author":"Hunninghake GW","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202002-0251ST"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23743735221075556"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2019.04.006"}],"container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ccr3.9445","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T11:21:10Z","timestamp":1734002470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ccr3.9445"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ccr3.9445"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccr3.9445","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-0904","2050-0904"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2050-0904"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2050-0904"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e9445"}}