{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:25:36Z","timestamp":1783013136945,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Strongyloides hyperinfection and disseminated infections are usually associated with immunosuppression; these severe manifestations occur in a minority of cases. The use of immunosuppressants such as corticosteroids and Baricitinib for treating COVID\u201019 pneumonia can be responsible for patients' immunosuppression and cause Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome. The chance increases when the patient belongs to countries or regions where chronic infection with Strongyloides is more prevalent. This case report describes the clinical scenario of a 78\u2010year\u2010old man from southeastern Bangladesh who was initially diagnosed with COVID\u201019 pneumonia. His condition improved after receiving corticosteroid therapy for approximately 1\u2009month at various doses and Baricitinib therapy for more than a week due to moderate\u2010to\u2010severe COVID\u201019 pneumonia. Approximately 2\u2009months later, he presented with low\u2010grade fever, diarrhea, and itching throughout the body. Blood analysis revealed eosinophilia; stool examination revealed Rhabditiform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. The patient was diagnosed with Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome and treated with Albendazole and Ivermectin. His clinical condition gradually improved, and he was discharged from the hospital. The stool sample was sent for a repeat microscopic examination after 14\u2009days, which yielded a negative result. Clinicians should be more vigilant while prescribing corticosteroids and other immunosuppressants for a prolonged period. Proper screening to identify asymptomatic cases of strongyloidiasis, followed by empirical treatment of screening\u2010positive cases, prompt detection, and management of severe manifestations, is crucial to reduce further morbidity and mortality related to Strongyloides stercoralis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.9689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T11:54:21Z","timestamp":1733486061000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Strongyloides Hyperinfection Syndrome Following Immunosuppressant Therapy for <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019: A Case Report With Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0830-3686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chittagong Medical College Hospital  Chattogram Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6535-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muna","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chittagong Medical College Hospital  Chattogram Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6851-2969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Kamrul","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chittagong Medical College Hospital  Chattogram Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8218-1581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sudipta","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chittagong Medical College Hospital  Chattogram Bangladesh"},{"name":"Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabiul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chittagong Medical College Hospital  Chattogram Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5551-6691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aniruddha","family":"Ghose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chittagong Medical College Hospital  Chattogram Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9060468"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-022-00528-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2021.e01192"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3283551dbd"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40475-014-0030-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-010-0150-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101844"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-01824-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2438"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106749"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","unstructured":"DGHS \u201cCOVID\u201019 Dynamic Dashboard for Bangladesh [Internet] \u201d2024cited Apirl 13 2024 https:\/\/dashboard.dghs.gov.bd\/pages\/covid19.php."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2807.220198"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8020127"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0671"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.07.285"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5430\/crim.v9n1p4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0699"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2022-0027"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-023-00705-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taab114"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","first-page":"574","article-title":"Strongyloides Stercoralis Hyperinfection Presenting Pneumatosis Intestinalis And Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome After Treatment for COVID\u201019","volume":"116","author":"Setake M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Revista Espanola De Enfermedades Digestivas"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2023.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40794-023-00201-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30699\/ijmm.16.3.267"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2021.05.004"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","first-page":"591","article-title":"Strongyloides\n                   Hyperinfection Syndrome in a Patient With Asymptomatic COVID\u201019 Infection","volume":"115","author":"O'Dowling A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Irish Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-020-01522-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0677"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimce.2021.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IPC.0000000000000991"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.13170"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30490-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v42i01a03"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed6040203"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01262-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.05.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0121"}],"container-title":["Clinical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ccr3.9689","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T12:22:11Z","timestamp":1748348531000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ccr3.9689"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ccr3.9689"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccr3.9689","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-0904","2050-0904"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-0904","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-0904","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e9689"}}