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Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) remain underdiagnosed worldwide. As evidence continues to demonstrate that no safe level of alcohol consumption exists during pregnancy, strengthening public awareness, maternal education, and prenatal care services has become increasingly imperative. Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) induces distinct and reproducible histopathological alterations in multiple developing organs, including the brain, heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, eyes, limbs, and placenta. These alterations involve cellular degeneration, tissue disorganization, inflammatory infiltration, vascular abnormalities, and impaired organ architecture, arising from oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and disrupted developmental signaling during critical periods of fetal development. This narrative review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the organ\u2010specific histopathological consequences of PAE and integrates the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to these alterations. Future research should further elucidate the molecular basis of ethanol teratogenicity and explore potential therapeutic strategies, such as antioxidant supplementation, nutritional modulation, and neuroprotective agents. Nevertheless, complete maternal abstinence from alcohol remains the most effective preventive strategy. By integrating histopathological findings across multiple fetal organ systems within a unified developmental framework, this review offers a distinct contribution beyond existing literature focused primarily on epidemiology or diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cga.70047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:26:38Z","timestamp":1773005198000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Organ\u2010Specific Histopathological Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3542-9419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rana Nur","family":"Gursu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine Mugla Sitki Kocman University  Mugla T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4148-7711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilan","family":"Cetinavci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology Mugla Training and Research Hospital  Mugla T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1254-0683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hulya","family":"Elbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine Mugla Sitki Kocman University  Mugla T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cBirth Defects \u201d(2020) https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/birth\u2010defects."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cFacts About Birth Defects \u201d(2023) https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/birthdefects\/facts.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"Langman's Medical Embryology","author":"Sadler T. 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