{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T01:35:20Z","timestamp":1793064920349,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":166,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Congenital Anomalies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Consanguineous marriage is common in Pakistan and has been linked to an elevated risk of congenital anomalies (CAs), yet community\u2010based evidence from rural settings remains limited. This study examined the prevalence and patterns of congenital anomalies and assessed their association with consanguinity in a rural population of Punjab, Pakistan. A cross\u2010sectional survey was conducted among 300 married couples in Union Council Kamrial, District Attock. Information on socio\u2010demographic characteristics, reproductive history, and congenital anomalies was collected using a structured questionnaire and, where possible, verified through clinical records. Data were analyzed using descriptive and bivariate statistical methods. Consanguineous unions were reported by 77.7% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009233) of couples, with first\u2010cousin marriages comprising 63.9% of these cases. Overall, 18.0% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200954) of couples reported at least one child with a congenital anomaly. Although the prevalence was higher among consanguineous couples (18.9%) than non\u2010consanguineous couples (14.9%), this difference was not statistically significant (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.457). A prior history of congenital anomalies showed a strong association with recurrence, reported by 92.3% of affected couples (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Higher prevalence was also observed among older couples and those with lower levels of partner education. These findings suggest that, within this rural context, factors such as familial history, parental age, and socio\u2010demographic conditions may be more influential than consanguinity alone in shaping the risk of congenital anomalies. The results underscore the need for targeted genetic counseling, improved health literacy, and strengthened maternal and child health services in underserved communities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cga.70067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T01:26:14Z","timestamp":1781659574000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Congenital Anomalies and Consanguinity in a Rural Community of Punjab, Pakistan: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7125-9680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed","family":"Saad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Riphah International College  Chakwal Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1763-2461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adnan","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Health Services Academy  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cCongenital Anomalies \u201d(2023) https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/congenital\u2010anomalies."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2320\u20101770.ijrcog20221017"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Update on Overall Prevalence of Major Birth Defects\u2014Atlanta, Georgia, 1978\u20132005","volume":"57","author":"Centers for Disease Control and 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https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/cp\/maternal\u2010newborn\u2010health\/maternal\u2010and\u2010newborn\u2010health_PAK.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/med\u20102023\u20100704"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884\u2010025\u201007612\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.53888"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.49000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36349\/easms.2025.v08i09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70322\/natanthropol.2025.10023"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","first-page":"301","article-title":"Consanguinity and Its Sociodemographic Differentials in Bhimber District, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan","volume":"32","author":"Jabeen N.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of Congenital Defects Among Consanguineous Marriages in Pakistan","volume":"2","author":"Ahmad N.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Society of Prevention, Advocacy and 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Countries \u201d(2011) https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241501149."}],"container-title":["Congenital 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