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Although this ontology was originally created in English, multilingualization is essential for broadening its impact by improving accessibility for researchers worldwide. To address this need, we developed a Japanese translation of the Mammalian Phenotype Ontology to support non\u2010English\u2010speaking research communities in Japan. The Japanese translation of this ontology was produced using a systematic human\u2010in\u2010the\u2010loop workflow consisting of machine translation, systematic manual review, and expert curation. Manual curation is a critical component of this process, as automated translation alone is insufficient for accurately rendering domain\u2010specific phenotype terminology. The Japanese\u2010translated Mammalian Phenotype Ontology has been integrated into multiple data resources and search platforms, including experimental animal resource databases and disease\u2010oriented data integration services. This integration enables users to search for and interpret annotated mouse phenotypes using Japanese terminology and has significantly improved the accessibility and usability of Mammalian Phenotype Ontology\u2010based services for non\u2010English\u2010speaking Japanese researchers, students, and laboratory animal caretakers. In addition, the Japanese translation of the Mammalian Phenotype Ontology is publicly released and formally incorporated into the official Mammalian Phenotype Ontology distribution through collaboration with Mouse Genome Informatics, allowing regular updates synchronized with ongoing development. This study highlights the importance of localizing ontology vocabularies to advance global accessibility and presents a practical framework for systematic ontology translation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cga.70070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T11:30:19Z","timestamp":1783078219000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and Dissemination of the Japanese Translation of the Mammalian Phenotype Ontology as an Open Resource"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0011-764X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terue","family":"Takatsuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Database Division for Life Science, BioData Science Initiative National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems  Kashiwa Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jackson Laboratory  Bar Harbor Maine USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Kushida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RIKEN BioResource Research Center  Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eisuke","family":"Dohi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Neuroscience NCNP  Kodaira Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Yoshiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RIKEN BioResource Research Center  Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0170-9172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toyofumi","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Database Division for Life Science, BioData Science Initiative National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems  Kashiwa Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2989-8486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susumu","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Database Division for Life Science, BioData Science Initiative National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems  Kashiwa Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Masuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RIKEN BioResource Research Center  Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.052385"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"Mouse Genome Informatics The Jackson Laboratoryaccessed January 20 2026 https:\/\/www.informatics.jax.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","unstructured":"Rat Genome Database Medical College of Wisconsinaccessed January 22 2026 https:\/\/rgd.mcw.edu\/rgdweb\/homepage\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","unstructured":"International Mouse Phenotyping Consortiumaccessed January 22 2026 https:\/\/www.mousephenotype.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad1005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","unstructured":"S.Ogishima HPO\u2010Japanese. 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