{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:49:57Z","timestamp":1791600597826,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":209,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K09325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K09325"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Congenital Anomalies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Non\u2010syndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO) is a distinct clinical and etiological entity within the spectrum of orofacial clefts. While genome\u2010wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous risk loci for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL\/P), the genetic architecture of NSCPO remains less understood, particularly in the Japanese population. This study aimed to investigate the association of three candidate genes,\n                    <jats:italic>VAX1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>MAFB<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>NOG<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with NSCPO risk. A case\u2013control study was carried out involving 65 Japanese NSCPO patients and 119 ethnically matched healthy controls. Three single\u2010nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs7078160 (\n                    <jats:italic>VAX1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), rs13041247 (\n                    <jats:italic>MAFB<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and rs227731 (\n                    <jats:italic>NOG<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), were selected based on previous GWAS and minor allele frequency. Statistical associations were evaluated using chi\u2010squared or Fisher's exact tests. The\n                    <jats:italic>VAX1<\/jats:italic>\n                    rs7078160 polymorphism showed a significant association with NSCPO under a recessive model (OR\u2009=\u20092.10, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.05\u20134.22,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.034), with the AA genotype showing a higher risk. No significant associations were found for\n                    <jats:italic>MAFB<\/jats:italic>\n                    rs13041247 or\n                    <jats:italic>NOG<\/jats:italic>\n                    rs227731 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Our findings identify\n                    <jats:italic>VAX1<\/jats:italic>\n                    rs7078160 as a potential risk factor for NSCPO in the Japanese population. These results show the need for larger studies to further explain the molecular pathways of NSCPO.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cga.70071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T03:12:11Z","timestamp":1785381131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating the Role of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>VAX1<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    ,\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>MAFB<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    , and\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>NOG<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    in Non\u2010Syndromic Cleft Palate Only Among Japanese Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9027-5322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tran Phuong","family":"Thao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research and Treatment for Oral Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies Aichi Gakuin University  Nagoya Japan"},{"name":"School of Dentistry, Hanoi Medical University  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruyuki","family":"Niimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research and Treatment for Oral Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies Aichi Gakuin University  Nagoya Japan"},{"name":"Cleft Lip and Plate Center Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital  Nagoya Japan"},{"name":"Division of Speech, Hearing, and Language Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7872-9291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le Kha","family":"Anh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research and Treatment for Oral Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies Aichi Gakuin University  Nagoya Japan"},{"name":"School of Dentistry, Hanoi Medical University  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research and Treatment for Oral Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies Aichi Gakuin University  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4060-1356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toko","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleft Lip and Plate Center Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research and Treatment for Oral Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies Aichi Gakuin University  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0011-8223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideto","family":"Imura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research and Treatment for Oral Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies Aichi Gakuin University  Nagoya Japan"},{"name":"Cleft Lip and Plate Center Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital  Nagoya Japan"},{"name":"Division of Speech, Hearing, and Language Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisataka","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Junior College, Aichi Gakuin University  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroo","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Speech, Hearing, and Language Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagana","family":"Natsume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research and Treatment for Oral Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies Aichi Gakuin University  Nagoya Japan"},{"name":"Cleft Lip and Plate Center Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital  Nagoya Japan"},{"name":"Division of Speech, Hearing, and Language Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagato","family":"Natsume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research and Treatment for Oral Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies Aichi Gakuin University  Nagoya Japan"},{"name":"Cleft Lip and Plate Center Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital  Nagoya Japan"},{"name":"Division of Speech, Hearing, and Language Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60695-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000337464"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20190347"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1277714"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/04-071.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-023-04013-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2013.789828"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.Martinelli \u201cNon\u2010Syndromic Cleft Palate: An Overview on Human Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors. 8 \u201d2020.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.592271"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2933"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.067082"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1213"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.23.3106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517724145"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23861\/EJBM20072347"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2010.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16080862"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cga.70036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.02.014"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","first-page":"829","article-title":"Imputation of Orofacial Clefting Data Identifies Novel Risk Loci and Sheds Light on the Genetic Background of Cleft Lip \u00b1 Cleft Palate and Cleft Palate Only","volume":"26","author":"Ludwig K. U.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Human Molecular Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14210"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2018-0091"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2020.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006550"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0118742106419313251104071927"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.580"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.327"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23612"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16080853"}],"container-title":["Congenital Anomalies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cga.70071","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cga.70071","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cga.70071","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:26:24Z","timestamp":1791599184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cga.70071"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cga.70071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cga.70071","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0914-3505","1741-4520"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0914-3505","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-4520","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70071"}}