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Zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> NPs) were used as selective sorbents to capture the phosphorylated AChE adduct, and quantum dots (ZnS@CdS, QDs) were used as tags to label monoclonal anti\u2010AChE antibody to quantify the immunorecognition events. The sandwich\u2010like immunoreactions were performed among the ZrO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> NPs, which were pre\u2010coated on a screen printed electrode (SPE) by electrodeposition, phosphorylated AChE and QD\u2010anti\u2010AChE. The captured QD tags were determined on the SPE by electrochemical stripping analysis of its metallic component (cadmium) after an acid\u2010dissolution step. Paraoxon was used as the model OP insecticide to prepare the phosphorylated AChE adducts to demonstrate proof of principle for the sensor. The phosphorylated AChE adduct was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and mass spectroscopy. The binding affinity of anti\u2010AChE to the phosphorylated AChE was validated with an enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. The parameters (e.g., amount of ZrO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> NP, QD\u2010anti\u2010AChE concentration,) that govern the electrochemical response of immunosensors were optimized. The voltammetric response of the immunosensor is highly linear over the range of 10\u2005p<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> to 4\u2005n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> phosphorylated AChE, and the limit of detection is estimated to be 8.0\u2005p<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>. The immunosensor also successfully detected phosphorylated AChE in human plasma. This new nanoparticle\u2010based electrochemical immunosensor provides an opportunity to develop field\u2010deployable, sensitive, and quantitative biosensors for monitoring exposure to a variety of OP pesticides and nerve agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.200800412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,22]],"date-time":"2008-10-22T15:55:25Z","timestamp":1224690925000},"page":"9951-9959","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":155,"title":["Nanoparticle\u2010Based Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Detection of Phosphorylated Acetylcholinesterase: An Exposure Biomarker of Organophosphate Pesticides and Nerve Agents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Guodong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Timchalk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul\u2005L","family":"Gassman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuehe","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2","volume-title":"Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology","author":"Rosenberry T. 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