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The cost of bromine and the substances designated to circumvent the application of molecular bromine have also been taken into account. As bromine is only one of several problematic substances being used, its avoidance\u2014by applying bromine supported on solid material or by performing the in situ generation of bromine\u2014does not significantly reduce the technological requirements. On the contrary, the resource demands and amount of waste produced by most new methods are significantly higher compared to the standard methods, especially if the recycling of a carrying agent is not efficient. The method using hydrobromic acid and hydrogen peroxide can be regarded as a competitive alternative to the standard method. The application of certain carrying agents could be interesting, because solvents such as carbon tetrachloride or chloroform used during synthesis could be replaced with less problematic ones during work\u2010up. However, problems associated with these alternatives are not resolved as yet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.200800462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,16]],"date-time":"2008-10-16T07:17:05Z","timestamp":1224141425000},"page":"9830-9841","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Electrophilic Bromination of Alkenes: Environmental, Health and Safety Aspects of New Alternative Methods"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Eissen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Lenoir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","first-page":"699","volume-title":"The Chemistry of Double Bonded Functional Groups, Vol. 2, Suppl. A, Part 1","author":"Schmid G. 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The addition product precipitates and is suctioned. Otherwise the solvent is distilled and the residue is purified by distillation or recrystallization. The yields for these examples are 90\u2009% 90\u2009% 95\u2009% 95\u2009% and 80\u2009% respectively. Additional remarks: 1)\u2005Fumaric acid is suspended in a two\u2010fold volume of boiling water. Bromine is added dropwise at boiling heat. The addition product precipitates during cooling to 10\u2009\u00b0C and the remaining bromine is washed out with water. 2)\u2005Converting cyclohexene 10\u2009% less bromine should be applied because the yield is reduced due to substitution products in side reactions. Additional purification could be achieved by shaking the crude product with 1\/3 of its volume with a 20\u2009% solution of potassium hydroxide in alcohol for five minutes subsequent dilution with the same amount of water alkali\u2010free washing drying with sodium sulphate and distillation. 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