{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T07:06:32Z","timestamp":1790319992454,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]],"date-time":"2011-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1311638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chemistry A European J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The reaction of potassium ferrate(VI), K<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>FeO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, with weak\u2010acid dissociable cyanides\u2014namely, K<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>[Zn(CN)<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>], K<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>[Cd(CN)<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>], K<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>[Ni(CN)<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>], and K<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>[Cu(CN)<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>]\u2014results in the formation of iron(III) oxyhydroxide nanoparticles that differ in size, crystal structure, and surface area. During cyanide oxidation and the simultaneous reduction of iron(VI), zinc(II), copper(II), and cadmium(II), metallic ions are almost completely removed from solution due to their coprecipitation with the iron(III) oxyhydroxides including 2\u2010line ferrihydrite, 7\u2010line ferrihydrite, and\/or goethite. Based on the results of XRD, M\u00f6ssbauer and IR spectroscopies, as well as TEM, X\u2010ray photoelectron emission spectroscopy, and Brunauer\u2013Emmett\u2013Teller measurements, we suggest three scavenging mechanisms for the removal of metals including their incorporation into the ferrihydrite crystal structure, the formation of a separate phase, and their adsorption onto the precipitate surface. Zn and Cu are preferentially and almost completely incorporated into the crystal structure of the iron(III) oxyhydroxides; the formation of the Cd\u2010bearing, X\u2010ray amorphous phase, together with Cd carbonate is the principal mechanism of Cd removal. Interestingly, Ni remains predominantly in solution due to the key role of nickel(II) carbonate, which exhibits a solubility product constant several orders of magnitude higher than the carbonates of the other metals. Traces of Ni, identified in the iron(III) precipitate, are exclusively adsorbed onto the large surface area of nanoparticles. We discuss the relationship between the crystal structure of iron(III) oxyhydroxides and the mechanism of metal removal, as well as the linear relationship observed between the rate constant and the surface area of precipitates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201100711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]],"date-time":"2011-07-26T14:26:35Z","timestamp":1311690395000},"page":"10097-10105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Mechanisms and Efficiency of the Simultaneous Removal of Metals and Cyanides by Using Ferrate(VI): Crucial Roles of Nanocrystalline Iron(III) Oxyhydroxides and Metal Carbonates"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Filip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ria A.","family":"Yngard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Siskova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zdenek","family":"Marusak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vojtech","family":"Ettler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Sajdl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virender K.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radek","family":"Zboril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00080a058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(86)90251-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(89)90129-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.2358"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5459.1737"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization 1996."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374484-5.00019-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja101674z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja907056m"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00443a081"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Cyanide: Social, Industrial and Economic Aspects","author":"Young C. 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