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The challenging structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was achieved by using three independent methods, that is, chemical degradation followed by NMR spectroscopy, a computer\u2010assisted structure prediction algorithm, and X\u2010ray crystallography. The compounds, named armeniaspirol\u2005A\u2013C (<jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>\u2013<jats:bold>4<\/jats:bold>), exhibit a compact, hitherto unprecedented chlorinated spiro[4.4]non\u20108\u2010ene scaffold. Labeling experiments with [1\u2010<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C] acetate, [1,2\u2010<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C2] acetate, and [U\u2010<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C] proline suggest a biosynthesis through a rare two\u2010chain mechanism. Armeniaspirols displayed moderate to high in vitro activities against Gram\u2010positive pathogens such as methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA) or vancomycin resistant <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic> (VRE). As analogue <jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold> was active in vivo in an MRSA sepsis model, and showed no development of resistance in a serial passaging experiment, it represents a new antibiotic lead structure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201201635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,9]],"date-time":"2012-11-09T13:12:25Z","timestamp":1352466745000},"page":"16123-16128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Armeniaspirols\u2005A\u2013C: Potent Antibiotics against Gram\u2010Positive Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Cosima","family":"Dufour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Wink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kurz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Kogler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Olivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Sabl\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winfried","family":"Heyse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Gerlitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Toti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antje","family":"Nu\u00dfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Rey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cedric","family":"Couturier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Br\u00f6nstrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/595011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro727"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.200600350"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200600350"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np068054v"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1439-7633(20020703)3:7<619::AID-CBIC619>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6446(01)01856-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","unstructured":"A component was classified as novel if the high resolution MS data and the UV data could not be matched to components listed in the Dictionary of Natural Products (Chapman &Hall\/CRC Taylor & Francis Group)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","unstructured":"C.Dufour\u2010Schroif J.Wink M.Gerlitz H.Olivan M.Kurz Sanofi\u2010Aventis Paris WO2010\/012381."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2012.06.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.53.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3891\/acta.chem.scand.52-1040"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/a902777g"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-16-3-313"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01214-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np800401h"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrc.1187"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ci0341060"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2946-1-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","unstructured":"ACD\/Predictor v. 12.01; 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