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Organic\u2010soluble UCNCs of 10 and 50\u2005nm in size are encapsulated efficiently in a 1:1 mixture of two commercial 3000\u2005Da poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives with two different reactive groups (amino and carboxylic groups). The water\u2010dispersible UCNCs are non\u2010cytotoxic, stable in the physiological environment, and present free amine and carboxylic reactive groups on their periphery, allowing rapid, selective, and modular covalent conjugation to payloads through EDC\/NHS reactions. PEG\u2010encapsulated UCNCs with and without covalent conjugation to payloads are characterised in\u2005vitro through spectroscopic, dynamic light scattering, and electron microscopy measurements. Living cell analyses coupled with TEM measurements confirm the uptake and low cytotoxicity of the coated UCNCs. They are linked covalently to two different dyes, internalised by living cells, and analysed by confocal microscopy. The related colocalisation measurements prove the reactivity of both amines and carboxylic acids on the periphery of the nanocrystals. This approach demonstrates that it is possible to produce water\u2010dispersible and cyto\u2010compatible dual\u2010functional UCNCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201301353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,13]],"date-time":"2013-08-13T09:31:02Z","timestamp":1376386262000},"page":"13538-13546","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Orthogonal Functionalisation of Upconverting NaYF<sub>4<\/sub> Nanocrystals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Valerio","family":"Voliani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010B\u00e9jar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Herranz\u2010P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Duran\u2010Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Signore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose M.","family":"Garcia\u2010Verdugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b809132n"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la902260j"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.09.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm031124o"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b820254k"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl901253t"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200900642"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cg901441p"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm801215t"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03968"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm070865c"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0749744"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja076151k"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201101753"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0nr00350f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2jm31782f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl102889y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201001329"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","unstructured":"G. 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