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They are assigned as intraligand (IL) \u03c0\u2192\u03c0* transitions of the bipyridine (bpy) and \u03c0\u2010conjugated bpy ligands, and IL charge\u2010transfer (CT) transitions from the donor to the acceptor moiety with mixing of d\u03c0(Ru<jats:sup>II<\/jats:sup>)\u2192\u03c0*(bpy) and d\u03c0(Ru<jats:sup>II<\/jats:sup>)\u2192\u03c0*(L) MLCT characters, respectively. In addition, all complexes were demonstrated to exhibit intense red emissions at approximately <jats:italic>\u03bb<\/jats:italic>=727\u2013744\u2005nm in degassed dichloromethane at 298\u2005K or in <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2010butyronitrile glass at 77\u2005K. Nanosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy has also been carried out, establishing the presence of the charge\u2010separated state. In order to understand the electrochemical properties of the complexes, cyclic voltammetry has also been performed. Two quasi\u2010reversible oxidation couples and three quasi\u2010reversible reduction couples were observed. One of the ruthenium(II) complexes has been utilized in the fabrication of memory devices, in which an ON\/OFF current ratio of over 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> was obtained.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201602228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]],"date-time":"2016-08-09T09:25:49Z","timestamp":1470734749000},"page":"14013-14021","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Synthesis, Electrochemistry, and Photophysical Studies of Ruthenium(II) Polypyridine Complexes with D\u2013\u03c0\u2013A\u2013\u03c0\u2013D Type Ligands and Their Application Studies as Organic Memories"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ming\u2010Yi","family":"Leung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Road Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sammual Yu\u2010Lut","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Road Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Road Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Road Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivian Wing\u2010Wah","family":"Yam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Road Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-8545(88)80032-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01527a064"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00736a049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.197907011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.19790910931"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/353737a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"701","volume":"18","author":"Gr\u00e4tzel M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inorg. 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