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Herein, the rational development of a new class of near\u2010infrared fluorophores with bright one\u2010photon and two\u2010photon emissions at \u2248740\u2005nm, large Stokes shifts (\u224880\u2005nm), significant two\u2010photon action absorption cross\u2010section (\u2248185\u2005GM at 820\u2005nm), excellent water solubility, outstanding photostability, and low toxicity is reported. Their biological applications in mitochondrial labelling, deep tissue imaging, and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S detection in live cells and mice are also demonstrated. In addition, a rational design strategy for enlarging the Stokes shifts and enhancing two\u2010photon emissions of these fluorophores is presented. These fluorophores will serve as a useful platform for developing novel imaging and sensing agents, and the design methodologies will inspire the molecular engineering of abundant high\u2010performance near\u2010infrared fluorophores.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201701365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]],"date-time":"2017-05-08T08:22:42Z","timestamp":1494231762000},"page":"8736-8740","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Rational Development of Near\u2010Infrared Fluorophores with Large Stokes Shifts, Bright One\u2010Photon, and Two\u2010Photon Emissions for Bioimaging and Biosensing Applications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Liyi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha  Hunan 410004 P. R. China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemo\/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University, Changsha  Hunan 410082 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemo\/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University, Changsha  Hunan 410082 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Chemistry City University of Hong Kong  83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART)  1 CREATE Way Singapore 138602 Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Vanderbilt University  Nashville TN 37235 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Chemistry City University of Hong Kong  83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China"},{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Centre Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong  Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaogang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART)  1 CREATE Way Singapore 138602 Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/86684"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2468"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C2CS35313J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3CS60271K"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201002307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201002307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja209292b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja077756j"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b718544h"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja210375e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr5004425"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja9090676"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5SC01076D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja5115776"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4276"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.5b00512"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.40.004915"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAB.24.000056"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.5b00271"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cc41244j"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1596"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp075879k"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.16.004029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp404170w"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b03924"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prac.19983400106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1162667"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja203661j"}],"container-title":["Chemistry \u2013 A European Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fchem.201701365","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/chem.201701365","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T09:32:40Z","timestamp":1760261560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/chem.201701365"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"36","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/chem.201701365"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/chem.201701365","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0947-6539","1521-3765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0947-6539","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-3765","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]]}}}