{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:22:06Z","timestamp":1792034526927,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,28]],"date-time":"2017-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chemistry A European J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Melanin is the main pigment responsible for the color of human skin, hair and eye. Its biosynthesis requires three melanogenic enzymes, tyrosinase (TYR), and the tyrosinase\u2010related proteins TYRP1 and TYRP2. The difficulty of isolating pure and homogeneous proteins from endogenous sources has hampered their study, and resulted in many contradictory findings regarding their physiological functions. In this review, we summarize recent advances on the structure and function of TYR and TYRPs by virtue of the crystal structure of human TYRP1, which is the first available structure of a mammalian melanogenic enzyme. This structure, combined with tyrosinase structures from other lower eukaryotes and mutagenesis studies of key active site residues, sheds light on the mechanism of TYR and TYRPs. Furthermore, a TYRP1\u2010based homology model of TYR provides a high\u2010quality platform to map and analyze albinism\u2010related mutations, as well as the design of specific antimelanogenic compounds. Finally, we provide perspectives for future structure\/function studies of TYR and TYRPs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201704410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,20]],"date-time":"2017-10-20T04:46:40Z","timestamp":1508474800000},"page":"47-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":281,"title":["Structure and Function of Human Tyrosinase and Tyrosinase\u2010Related Proteins"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4989-2444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuelei","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry University of Groningen  Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"ESRF-The European Synchrotron  71 Avenue des Martyrs 38000 Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry J.","family":"Wichers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen Food &amp; Biobased Research  Bornse Weilanden 9 6708 WG Wageningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5924-4734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Montserrat","family":"Soler\u2010Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESRF-The European Synchrotron  71 Avenue des Martyrs 38000 Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9731-6586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bauke W.","family":"Dijkstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry University of Groningen  Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2014.02.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200601255"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.200601255"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2007.00238.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(97)00013-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2007.00226.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-6649rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.040667"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026616666160216160112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201704616"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201704616"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2009.00636.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.2734"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2000.130302.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12392743"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.017913"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201506994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201506994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.11.5889"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2005.00288.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00044.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6810464"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"0161697","author":"Lai X.","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1004(1997)10:2<171::AID-HUMU11>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18276.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)35295-X","volume":"266","author":"Jim\u00e9nez M.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. 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