{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:40:12Z","timestamp":1787060412038,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,9]],"date-time":"2018-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21475013 and 21522505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21475013 and 21522505"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chemistry A European J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) are commonly used together in bioassays. HRP is required to accelerate the reaction between a chromogenic substrate (e.g., 3,3\u2032,5,5\u2032\u2010tetramethylbenzidine, TMB) and H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and thus amplifies the signal. Herein, molecular oxygen for enzyme\u2010free and H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010free oxidation is explored, still using the same colorimetric reaction. Restricted by spin selection rules, the ground\u2010state triplet oxygen needs to be converted to the singlet state to oxidize TMB. Phloxine B (PB) is used as the photosensitizer because of its excellent performance and safety. Under green light irradiation, each PB has a turnover of approximately 51 TMB molecules in 20\u2005min, making PB a \u201cmolecular enzyme mimic\u201d for signal amplification. With its small size, multiple PB molecules are loaded on a graphene oxide nanosheet to design a modified enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbance (ELISA) assay (termed photosensitization immunosorbent assay, PISA), improving the 1:1 enzyme\/target ratio to\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    :1. PISA is more sensitive for carcinoembryonic antigen than a commercial ELISA kit, and successfully measures the antigen in the serum of multiple cancer patients. This simple and green method of oxidation coupled with the small size of the photosensitizer and graphene oxide may enable many other applications in biosensor development, smart materials, and energy harvesting.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201704866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]],"date-time":"2017-11-21T10:52:39Z","timestamp":1511261559000},"page":"2602-2608","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Photosensitization of Molecular Oxygen on Graphene Oxide for Ultrasensitive Signal Amplification"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xinfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Material and Chemistry &amp; Chemical Engineering Chengdu University of Technology  Chengdu 610059 P.R. 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