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PIC\u2010aggregates exhibit a characteristic and sharp absorption band as well as a fluorescence band at a wavelength of 573\u2005nm making PIC an interesting candidate to analyze the self\u2010assembly process in various environments. The present work developed PIC\u2010based, synthetic model systems, suitable to investigate how macromolecular crowding influences self\u2010assembly processes. Four synthetic additives were used as potential crowders: Triethylene glycol (TEG), polyethylene glycol (PEG), Ficoll 400 as a highly branched polysaccharide, and sucrose corresponding to the monomeric unit of Ficoll. Combined UV\/Vis spectroscopy and time\u2010resolved light scattering revealed a strong impact of crowding based on excluded volume effects only for Ficoll 400. Sucrose had hardly any influence on the self\u2010assembly of PIC and PEG and TEG impeded the PIC self\u2010assembly. Development of such a PIC based model system led over to in\u2010cell experiments. HeLa cells were infiltrated with PIC solutions well below the aggregation threshold in the infiltrating solution. In the cellular environment, PIC was exposed to a significant crowding and immediately started to aggregate. As was demonstrated by fluorescence imaging, the extent of aggregation can be modulated by exposing the cells to salt\u2010induced osmotic stress. The results suggest future use of such a system as a sensor for the analysis of in vitro and in vivo crowding effects on self\u2010assembly processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202000113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]],"date-time":"2020-03-10T09:02:17Z","timestamp":1583830937000},"page":"7041-7050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Self\u2010Assembly of Pseudo\u2010Isocyanine Chloride as a Sensor for Macromolecular Crowding In Vitro and In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"H\u00e4misch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Chemistry Paderborn University  33098 Paderborn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Pollak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Theoretical Chemistry TU Braunschweig  38106 Braunschweig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9309-1279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Ebbinghaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Theoretical Chemistry TU Braunschweig  38106 Braunschweig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7512-206X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaus","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Chemistry Paderborn University  33098 Paderborn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","volume-title":"The Molecular Biology of the Cell","author":"Alberts B.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02261"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cb.10.110194.002105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1218402110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(01)01938-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1740347"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pol.1958.1203312618"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1351\/pac197648040471"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-1223-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.1981.360201006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00673707"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.360260709"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(80)80292-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(81)81022-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(79)91123-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2795(81)90103-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi990355z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110429200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CP04431B"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.051634398"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.69.051907"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M305230200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/pri.6.1.18132"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149060"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CP04682J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015608"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2007.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp405206p"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-0091-2_3","volume-title":"Physico-Chemical Princ. 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