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To overcome these limitations, herein we propose the alloying of non\u2010noble metal nanoparticles with phosphorus as a promising strategy for developing smart catalysts that exhibit both excellent activity and air stability. We synthesized a novel nickel phosphide nanoalloy (nano\u2010Ni<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>P) with coordinatively unsaturated Ni active sites. Unlike conventional air\u2010unstable non\u2010noble metal catalysts, nano\u2010Ni<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>P retained its metallic nature in air, and exhibited a high activity for the hydrogenation of various substrates with polar functional groups, such as aldehydes, ketones, nitriles, and nitroarenes to the desired products in excellent yields in water. 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