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All the prepared compounds had a phenothiazine and a cyanoacrylic acid\/pyridinyl acrylonitrile moiety acting as an electron donor and acceptor, respectively. Although cyclic voltammetry measurements showed similar electron\u2010donating properties among all the synthesized dyads, the lowest absorption energy of the [2.2]PCP moiety was lower than that of the [3.3]PCP one; this was due to its shorter distance between benzene rings, which could effectively drive the charge transfer between the donor and acceptor chromophores. Under visible light (&gt;395\u2005nm), a dyad\u2010loaded photocatalyst in a 0.5\u2005M aqueous glycerol solution generated detectable hydrogen gases. The optimal turnover number and photocurrent order exhibited the same trend as the hydrogen production rate since the suggested number of excited photons played a critical role in hydrogen production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202200790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T07:50:12Z","timestamp":1652169012000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["[2.2]\u2010 and [3.3]Paracyclophane as Bridging Units in Organic Dyads for Visible\u2010Light\u2010Driven Dye\u2010Sensitized Hydrogen Production"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3621-4361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motonori","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion Systems Thrust International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu University  744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan"},{"name":"Department of Automotive Science Graduate School of Integrated Frontier Sciences Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku  Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan"},{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku  Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automotive Science Graduate School of Integrated Frontier Sciences Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku  Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7434-3773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsumi","family":"Ishihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion Systems Thrust International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu University  744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan"},{"name":"Department of Automotive Science Graduate School of Integrated Frontier Sciences Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku  Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan"},{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku  Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9642-6302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan Jay","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Tunghai University No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District  Taichung City 407224 Taiwan R.O.C."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiko","family":"Shibahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Natural Sciences Faculty of Science and Technology Oita University 700 Dannoharu  Oita 870-1192 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8EE01157E"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.energy.24.1.227"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. 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