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We report a set of new photoswitchable arylazopyrazole\u2010modified norfloxacin antibiotics that present a high degree of bidirectional photoisomerization, impressive fatigue resistance and reasonably high <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic> half\u2010lives. The irradiated isomers of most compounds were found to exhibit nearly equal or higher antibacterial activity than norfloxacin against Gram\u2010positive bacteria. Notably, against norfloxacin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>S.\u2005aureus<\/jats:italic> bacteria, the visible\u2010light\u2010responsive <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010SMe\u2010substituted derivative showed remarkably high antimicrobial potency (MIC of 0.25\u2005\u03bcg\/mL) in the irradiated state, while the potency was reduced by 24\u2010fold in case of its non\u2010irradiated state. The activity was estimated to be retained for more than 7\u2005hours. This is the first report to demonstrate direct photochemical control of the growth of antibiotic\u2010resistant bacteria and to show the highest activity difference between irradiated and non\u2010irradiated states of a photoswitchable antibiotic. Additionally, both isomers were found to be non\u2010harmful to human cells. Molecular modellings were performed to identify the underlying reason behind the high\u2010affinity binding of the irradiated isomer to topoisomerase IV enzyme.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202303685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T07:16:00Z","timestamp":1705130160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Direct Growth Control of Antibiotic\u2010Resistant Bacteria Using Visible\u2010Light\u2010Responsive Novel Photoswitchable Antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Supriya","family":"Bhunia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Calcutta  92\u2005A.P.C. 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The19F signal integrations of both compounds remained same before and after the photolysis which proved that the photodefluorination reaction did not occur in our azopyrazole-fluoroquinolone conjugates."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.ARBA-0026-2017","volume":"6","author":"Poirel L.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI18535"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22571"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_2","unstructured":"To develop norfloxacin resistantS. aureus the wild type strain was grown in Muller-Hinton (MH) medium supplemented with sub-lethal (0.4\u2005\u03bcg\/ml) dose of norfloxacin antibiotic following the standard protocol (Gullberg et\u2005al. 2011). The norfloxacin resistant cells were selected on MH agar plate containing 3.2\u2005\u03bcg\/ml (4xMIC) norfloxacin antibiotic. 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