{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:01:07Z","timestamp":1791000067336,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/N509619\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/N509619\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Discovery Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Discovery Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Tier II Chair"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Tier II Chair"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00edas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["748435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["748435"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008997","name":"University of Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Nanotherapeutics Aspiration Cluster"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nanotherapeutics Aspiration Cluster"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008997","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008997","name":"University of Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Graduate Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Graduate Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008997","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry A European J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stealth precision polymer nanofibers show great promise as therapeutic delivery systems. However, existing systems are largely limited to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and suffer from challenging functionalization, hampering their translation. This work develops a modular, easily functionalizable platform for biocompatible stealth nanofibers based on a combination of ring\u2010opening polymerisation (ROP), photoinduced electron\/energy transfer reversible addition\u2013fragmentation chain transfer (PET\u2010RAFT) polymerisation, and crystallization\u2010driven self\u2010assembly (CDSA). Low length\u2010dispersity poly(fluorenetrimethylenecarbonate)\u2010<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2010poly(N\u2010(2\u2010hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide) (PFTMC\u2010<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2010PHPMA) nanofibers may be produced in a single\u2010step via CDSA, with a length that is dependent on the PHPMA DP<jats:sub>n<\/jats:sub>. Separately, living CDSA leads to nanofibers with length control between 30\u2005nm and ca. 700\u2005nm. Incorporation of fluorescein into the PET\u2010RAFT polymerization results in fluorescent PFTMC\u2010<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2010PHPMA block copolymers that can undergo CDSA, forming fluorescent nanoparticles for preliminary cell studies. PFTMC\u2010<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2010PHPMA nanofibers exhibited minimal toxicity to cells as well as limited cellular association, in line with previous studies on neutral polymer nanofibers. In comparison, PFTMC\u2010<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2010PHPMA nanospheres exhibited no cellular association. These results indicate that the unique shape and core\u2010crystallinity of PFTMC\u2010<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2010PHPMA nanofibers ideally positions them for use as therapeutic delivery systems. Overall, the results described herein provide the basis for a modular, easily functionalizable platform for precision stealth polymer nanofibers for a variety of prospective biomedical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202500108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T09:40:20Z","timestamp":1741686020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Precision Stealth Nanofibers via PET\u2010RAFT Polymerisation: Synthesis, Crystallization\u2010driven Self\u2010assembly and Cellular Uptake Studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7635-8733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven T. G.","family":"Street","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry University of Bristol  Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Victoria  3800 Finnerty Rd Victoria, BC V8W 3V6 Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC) University of Victoria  3800 Finnerty Rd Victoria, BC V8P 5C2 Canada"},{"name":"School of Chemistry University of Birmingham  Edgbaston B15 2TT United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5670-1290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Shteinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Division of Medical Sciences University of Victoria  3800 Finnerty Rd Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6343-5659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Diego Garcia","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry University of Bristol  Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3218-1411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayley C.","family":"Parkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Victoria  3800 Finnerty Rd Victoria, BC V8W 3V6 Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC) University of Victoria  3800 Finnerty Rd Victoria, BC V8P 5C2 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3452-1213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert L.","family":"Harniman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry University of Bristol  Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1665-7723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Willerth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC) University of Victoria  3800 Finnerty Rd Victoria, BC V8P 5C2 Canada"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Division of Medical Sciences University of Victoria  3800 Finnerty Rd Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 Canada"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering University of British Columbia  2222 Health Sciences Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3794-967X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Manners","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry University of Bristol  Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Victoria  3800 Finnerty Rd Victoria, BC V8W 3V6 Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC) University of Victoria  3800 Finnerty Rd Victoria, BC V8P 5C2 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Miladi S. Sfar H. Fessi A. Elaissari inPolym. Nanoparticles Nanomedicines(Eds.: C. Vauthier G. Ponchel) Springer 2016 pp. 17\u201353.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-41421-8_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12244494"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15030774"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-0090-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c06033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10040787"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3NR05444F"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/374252"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b09861"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2015.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.114079"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0SC06878K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2019.101195"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-020-00232-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00194"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2007.70"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1SC00938A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmacrolett.2c00718"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c10554"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b04805"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NR08076D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c03342"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TB00706C"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c06695"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2BM02014A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c09033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202402029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.1c00643"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4BM00480A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2PY00262K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pol.20210853"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0SC02593C"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2022.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.2c02227"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b10199"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.2c00402"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c09715"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.1c01825"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18460-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar8104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.0c01092"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c13354"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.9b00959"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5SM00313J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9PY00816K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3PY01279D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2009.11.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cocis.2017.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11020115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2020.101209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/acadc3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2PY00152G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.1c00672"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2PY00395C"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CC02783H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13071119"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2DD00100D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.8b01600"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.7b01890"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b05274"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7PY00442G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c06299"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.2721"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.2c00230"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2019.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2008.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adts.201900038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201006223"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c02395"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2356"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b05973"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja805262v"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3PY01207G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c00997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/mp800051m"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4372"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c07133"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202216106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.7b00436"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-9140(89)80213-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","author":"Teague B.","year":"2022","journal-title":"bioRxiv"}],"container-title":["Chemistry \u2013 A European Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/chem.202500108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T10:21:35Z","timestamp":1760264495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/chem.202500108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/chem.202500108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/chem.202500108","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0947-6539","1521-3765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0947-6539","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-3765","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202500108"}}